Felicia Langer

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Felicia Langer

Felicia Langer, 2008
Born (1930-12-09) 9 December 1930
Poland

Felicia Langer (born on ninth of December 1930 as Felicia-Amalia Weit in Tarnów, Poland) is a German-Israeli attorney and human rights activist known for her defence of Palestinians charged with political violations in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Langer has authored several books alleging human rights violations on the part of Israeli authorities. She has been living in Germany since 1990 and acquired the German citizenship in 2008. In July 2009, the former German President Horst Köhler awarded her the Federal Cross of Merit, First class, which is the fifth highest of Germany's federal order of merit's eight ranks.[1] The bestowal triggered a public controversy because of her attitude towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Youth in Eastern Europe

Felicia-Amalia Langer was born of Jewish parents in the Polish town of Tarnów in 1930. In 1939, her family fled from the German invasion to the Soviet Union, where her father died in one of Stalin's prisons. Other relatives were murdered by the National Socialists. In 1949 she married Mieciu Langer in Breslau, a survivor of Nazi concentration camps who had lost his entire family in the holocaust.

Time in Israel

In 1950 the young couple emigrated to Israel, where their son was born in 1953. In 1959 she started studying law at Hebrew University Jerusalem, from where she obtained a law degree in 1965. She briefly worked for a Tel Aviv law firm, but then opened up her own lawyer's office in 1966. She was opposed to the conduct of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, and so established a private practice in Jerusalem defending Palestinian political detainees. Langer was the first lawyer to assist Palestinians in cases involving land confiscation, house demolition, deportation, and torture before Israeli military courts.[2] Langer only infrequently won cases in her 23-year career. In 1977, she lost her licence to defend Israeli conscientious objectors before Israeli courts and could be excluded from proceedings at any time on the account of security concerns. Langer counts her successful defence in 1979 of Nablus mayor Bassam Shaka as the high point of her career. Shaka had been a PLO supporter and outspoken critic of the Camp David accords, and was subsequently accused of inciting terrorism by his public statements and issued an expulsion order. Langer defended him successfully, having the expulsion order overturned by the Israeli supreme court.[3] For many years Langer was vice president of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights. She joined the bi-national, anti-Zionist and pro-Palestinian New Communist List Rakah, in which she became part of the central committee.[4] In 1990 she departed from the party after an internal conflict of orientation, closed her lawyer’s office and moved to Germany with her husband. In an interview with the Washington Post, Langer said she quit because Palestinians no longer can expect justice in Israel.[5]

Time in Germany

Since 1990, she has been living in Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and acquired the German citizenship in 2008. She accepted teaching positions at the universities of Bremen and Kassel and continues to author books which have been translated to several languages. She became patron of the association Refugees´ Children in Lebanon which assists Palestinian refugee families. Since March 2009 she supports the new founded Russel-Tribunal for Palestine. In her writings, lectures and interviews she criticizes the Israeli policy in the occupied Palestinian territories, which she considers equivalent of an annexation. Langer furthermore considers the construction settlement as undermining the possibility of a two-state solution and demands the complete and unconditional retreat of Israel from the territories conquered in 1967 and a right to return for any descendant of the Palestinian refugees. In 1990, Langer received the Right Livelihood Award "for the exemplary courage of her struggle for the basic rights of the Palestinian people."[6] In 1991, she was awarded the Bruno Kreisky Award for Outstanding Achievements in the Area of Human Rights.[7] In 2002, she declared that whereas the Palestinian terrorist attacks were unjustifiable, the Israeli policy had " paved the way" for them. Within this context, she adopted the opinion of the deputy chairman of the German Liberal Party FDP Jürgen Möllemann, who had called the targeted killings of Palestinian subjects of terrorism by Israeli security forces as an act of state terror. In 2003 she wrote a consenting preface for a book of Jamal Karsli. In 2007, she described the Israeli regime in the occupied Palestinian territories as "apartheid of present time". In 2005, Langer was awarded the "Erich Mühsam Prize" for her continuing struggle for the human rights of Palestinian people.[8]

Federal Cross of Merit

Langer was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, First class, by the President of Germany Horst Köhler following the nomination by the government of Baden-Württemberg, itself based on suggestions by the publicist Evelyn Hecht-Galinski and the city of Tübingen. At the award ceremony, on 16 July 2009 in Stuttgart, the decoration was bestowed by Hubert Wicker, a senior civil servant of Baden-Württemberg’s chancellery. The official award acknowledges a lifetime effort of Langer for peace, justice and the respect of human rights, as well as her efforts for people in need of help without regard of their nationality or religion and independently of their personal political, or religious Motivation or Weltanschauung. He furthermore admonished her childhood and youth rife of distress/sorrow, war, persecution and flight.[9]

Discussion about the award

The federal state government lead by Günther Oettinger had adopted the proposal after having consulted all commonly involved positions including the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.[10][11][12] The decision has been criticized by several Jewish municipalities as well as several prominent German Jews, Jewish and pro-Israeli organizations like the Central Council of Jews in Germany, the New York based American Jewish Committee and the Deutsch-Israelischen Gesellschaft. The Polish-German journalist and author Henryk Broder assumed that Köhler had made the decision ignoring Langers´ statements criticizing Israel.[13] The deputy president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany Dieter Graumann declared in an interview, Germany had awarded a person who had been demonising Israel professionally, chronically and obsessively.[14]

Arno Lustiger, Ralph Giordano and Arno Hamburger announced their intent to return their Federal Crosses of Merit if Langer´s awarded were not to be revoked.[15] They pretended that Langer had compared the Israeli policy to the Holocaust[16] and described her as a long-time "enemy of Israel" guilty of the "devastating effect" of a common German desiratum to disburden the own guiltiness by criticizing Israel.[17] Mrs. Langer however pretends to never have compared the Israeli foreign policy with Holocaust, but rather having considered it as a policy of apartheid.[18][19] Giordano later withdrew his announcement to return his award, maintaining his critique.[20] The Israeli travellers’ guide Motke Shomrat, known for his advocacy for the conciliation between Israel and Germany and honoured by a Federal Cross of Merit, returned it on July 24, 2009,[21] because Langer had supposedly consented anti-Israeli statements of Ahmadinedschad,[22] which was repudiated by Langer.[18] Federal Cross of Merit holder Ralph Giordano said: "No one in the last 25 years, with a one-sidedness bordering on blindness, has done Israel more damage than this supposed human-rights lawyer."[23] Dieter Graumann, vice president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, said that Langer was a "militant and fanatical hater of Israel." [24] The American Jewish Committee wrote a letter to Köhler condemning the award. The letter expresses an "astonishment at the decision to honour an individual who for many years was an apologist for a regime which brought untold fear and misery upon the citizens of eastern Germany", and refers to her membership of the Israeli Communist Party.[25] A sharp criticism in German newspapers was mentioned by the spokesman of the Israeli ministry of foreign affairs Yigal Palmor. He said that Langer had a long track of supporting forces in benefit of violence, death and extremism.[26] As a result of the criticism, and in response to Arno Hamburger´s return of his award, Dr. Gert Haller, the highest ranking state secretary in the office of the President of Germany, Horst Köhler, wrote a letter to Arno Hamburger saying that the grievance caused by the awarding was "terribly unfortunate." After requests by Hamburger he stated there was no legal basis to withdraw the award.[27][28][29] The educationalist Micha Brumlik criticizes Langer´s conduct, argumentation and choice of words as too one-sided. He considers that making Israel the only responsible for the situation in the Middle East is typical of an anti-Semitic pattern of argumentation. Nevertheless she might deserve the Federal Cross of Merit on the merits of calling the attention to the permanent violations of the human rights of the Arab population in the occupied territories on the behalf of Israel.[30]

The mayor of Tübingen Boris Palmer and the government of the federal state of Baden-Wurttemberg defended the bestowal, arguing that it rewarded Langer’s lifework rather than her ideology.[31] Langer herself characterised the critique of her distinction on July 23, 2009 as a smear campaign supposed to suppress criticism against Israel and rejected to return the Federal Cross of Merit.[32] She showed herself convinced to be acting in favour of the Israeli people rather than only in favour of the Palestinians.[33] Several elected officials, including the Mayor of Tübingen Boris Palmer and representatives of the Government of Baden Württemberg, underlined their support for the award.[34]

Books by Felicia Langer

Langer's books discuss the torture of detainees, routine violation of international law prohibiting deportation, as well as collective punishment.

  • With My Own Eyes (1975)
  • These Are My Brothers (1979)
  • An Age of Stone (1987)
  • Fury and Hope (1993) (autobiographical)
  • Appearance and Truth in Palestine (1999)
  • Miecius Report. Youth between the Ghetto and Theresienstadt (1999)
  • Quo vadis Israel? The new Intifada of the Palestinians (2001)
  • Books in German
  • Die Zeit der Steine. Aus dem Hebräischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1989, ISBN 9783889773791.
  • Zorn und Hoffnung. Aus dem Hebräischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1991, ISBN 3-88977-440-7.
  • Brücke der Träume. Eine Israelin geht nach Deutschland. Aus dem Hebräischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1994, ISBN 3-88977-385-0.
  • Wo Hass keine Grenzen kennt: eine Anklageschrift. Aus dem Hebräischen und aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1995, ISBN 3-88977-397-4.
  • «Laßt uns wie Menschen leben!» Schein und Wirklichkeit in Palästina. Aus dem Hebräischen und aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1999, ISBN 3-88977-538-1.
  • Miecius später Bericht: eine Jugend zwischen Getto und Theresienstadt. Aus dem Hebräischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1999, ISBN 3-88977-539-X.
  • Quo vadis, Israel? Die neue Intifada der Palästinenser. Aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-88977-615-9.
  • Brandherd Nahost. Oder: Die geduldete Heuchelei. Aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-88977-644-2.
  • Die Frau, die niemals schweigt. Stationen eines Lebens. Lamuv, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-88977-664-7.
  • Die Entrechtung der Palästinenser. 40 Jahre israelische Besatzung. Aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-88977-680-9.
  • Um Hoffnung kämpfen. Lamuv, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 3-88977-688-4.
  • Mit Leib und Seele - Autobiographische Notizen. Zambon, Frankfurt am Main 2012, ISBN 978-3-88975-201-7.

Awards

  • Hans-Litten-Award - Union of Democratic Advocates (1988) [35]
  • Right-Livelihood Award (1990) [36]
  • Honorary Citizen of Nazaret (1990) [18]
  • Bruno Kreisky Award - Merit of Human Rights (1991)[37]
  • Under the top 50 of the most important women in Israel - Elected by the magazine "YOU" (1998) [18]
  • Erich Mühsam Award of the Erich-Mühsam-Association (2005) [38][39]
  • Human Rights Award - Association Protecting Human Rights and Human Dignity (2006) [40]
  • Federal Cross of Merit, First Class (2009) [41]
  • Palestinian Medal for Exceptional Merits (2012) [42][43]

References

  1. ↑ http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1246443840063&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull
  2. ↑ http://www.felicia-langer.de/eng.html
  3. ↑ "A portrait of Felicia Langer". Al-Ahram weekly. Retrieved 9 March 2010. 
  4. ↑ "MIDDLE EAST: Arafat's Nudge". Time. 6 October 1980. Retrieved 2 May 2010. 
  5. ↑ Journal of Palestine Studies Volume XIX, no 4 (76) Summer 1990. Page 212. cites Washington Post 13 May 1990.
  6. ↑ "Felicia Langer (Israel)". The Right Livelihood Award. Retrieved 9 March 2010. 
  7. ↑ "Bruno Kreisky Prize 1991". Bruno Kreisky Foundation for Human Rights. Retrieved 9 March 2010. 
  8. ↑ "Erich-Mühsam-Preis". Retrieved 9 March 2010. 
  9. ↑ "Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse für Felicia-Amalia Langer aus Tübingen". Landesportal Baden-Württemberg. 16. Juli 2009. Retrieved 23. Juli 2009. 
  10. ↑ Schwäbisches Tagblatt, 22. Juli 2009: Auszeichnung Felicia Langers löst Wirbel aus
  11. ↑ Stefan Hupka: Das Kreuz mit den Verdiensten, Badische Zeitung, 21. Juli 2009
  12. ↑ Benjamin Weinthal (Jerusalem Post, 22. Juli 2009): Jews to return German honours in protest
  13. ↑ Henryk Broder, Spiegel 23. Juli 2009: Feigenblatt des schlechten Gewissens
  14. ↑ Die Zeit, 21. Juli 2009: Bundesverdienstkreuz: Köhler gerät über Vergabe unter Druck
  15. ↑ Jews to return German honors in protest, Jerusalem Post, July 22, 2009.
  16. ↑ Offener Brief Arno Lustigers an Horst Köhler (21. Juli 2009, pdf; 39 kB)
  17. ↑ Offener Brief Ralph Giordanos an Horst Köhler (pdf; 11,7 MB)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 http://www.felicia-langer.de/person.html
  19. ↑ Arno Hamburger gibt seine Orden zurück in: Nürnberger Nachrichten, 2. Sept. 2009.
  20. ↑ Ralph Giordano, "Ich bin immer noch geschockt", in: Die Welt, 6. Aug. 2009.
  21. ↑ Ulrich W. Sahm (ntv, 24. Juli 2009): „Mit großem Schmerz“ Bundesverdienstkreuz zurückgegeben
  22. ↑ Benjamin Weinthal (Jerusalem Post, 22. Juli 2009): Jews to return German honors in protest; Motke Shomrat (Die Jüdische, 20. Juli 2009): Eine Schande
  23. ↑ German Jewish author attacks prize for Israel critic
  24. ↑ Germany honours anti-Zionist Israeli Langer, Press TV, 20 July 2009.
  25. ↑ AJC rejects Germany’s honour for harsh Israel critic, July 21, 2009.
  26. ↑ Fall Felicia Langer (The Langer Case), Tagesspiegel, by Benjamin Weinthal, 24.7.2009
  27. ↑ German president regrets Langer award, Jerusalem Post, September 7, 2009.
  28. ↑ "Köhler geht auf Arno Hamburger zu". Nürnberger Zeitung. 
  29. ↑ "Arno Hamburger hat Post aus Berlin". Hiltpoltsteiner Zeitung. 
  30. ↑ Der Spiegel, 22. Juli 2009: Antisemitismusforscher Brumlik: „In der Sache hat Frau Langer das Bundesverdienstkreuz verdient“
  31. ↑ Schwäbisches Tagblatt, 23. Juli 2009: Langer-Ehrung: Attacken gegen Palmer
  32. ↑ Focus, 23. Juli 2009: Felicia Langer will das Bundesverdienstkreuz nicht zurückgeben
  33. ↑ Deutschlandradio Kultur, 23. Juli 2009: Felicia Langer will Bundesverdienstkreuz nicht zurückgeben (Interview)
  34. ↑ "Felicia Langer will Bundesverdienstkreuz behalten". Mitteldeutsche Zeitung. 25 July 2009. Retrieved 25. Juli 2009. 
  35. ↑ "http://www.vdj.de/index.php?id=29,15,1,0,1,0"
  36. ↑ "http://www.rightlivelihood.org/langer.html"
  37. ↑ http://www.kreisky.org/human.rights/deutsch/preisverleihungen6.htm
  38. ↑ http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/?id=archivseite&dig=2005/03/14/a0092
  39. ↑ http://www.erich-muehsam-gesellschaft.de/?cat=empreis
  40. ↑ http://gbmev.de/dokmnte/presseinformation.pdf
  41. ↑ http://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/verdienstkreuz-1-klasse-fuer-felicia-amalia-langer-aus-tuebingen/
  42. ↑ http://www.juedische-stimme.de/?p=592
  43. ↑ http://www.palaestina-portal.eu/Stimmen_deutsch/langer_felicia_palaestinensische_orden_besondere_verdienste_abbas.html

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