Faringdon

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Coordinates: 51°39′25″N 1°35′10″W / 51.657°N 1.586°W / 51.657; -1.586
Faringdon

Faringdon market place
Faringdon

 Faringdon shown within Oxfordshire
Population 6,187 (2001 census)[1]
OS grid reference SU286954
    - London  77.7mi 
Civil parish Great Faringdon
District Vale of White Horse
Shire county Oxfordshire
Region South East
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town Faringdon
Postcode district SN7
Dialling code 01367
Police Thames Valley
Fire Oxfordshire
Ambulance South Central
EU Parliament South East England
UK Parliament Wantage
Website Faringdon Town Council Site
List of places
UK
England
Oxfordshire

Faringdon is a market town in the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire, England. At the top of the Thames Valley, its northern meads stretch down to the River Thames and upper parts join the Ridgeway. It was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire.

The civil parish is formally known as Great Faringdon, to distinguish it from Little Faringdon in West Oxfordshire.

On 1 February 2004, Faringdon was granted Fairtrade Town status, becoming the first Fairtrade Town in the South East of England. Faringdon is the base for the Faringdon Enterprise Gateway, which is run by the South East England Development Agency to help and advise businesses in rural west Oxfordshire.

History

All Saints' church, Faringdon

The name Faringdon means fern covered hill. The Anglo-Saxon kings of Wessex and later England had a palace located in Faringdon[citation needed] However, claims[2] that King Edward the Elder died there are misguided.[3]

The town was granted a weekly market in 1218. This is reflected in its name as Chipping Faringdon.[4] The weekly market is still held today. King John also established an abbey in Faringdon in 1202, (probably on the site of Portwell House)but it soon moved to Beaulieu in Hampshire.[5] In 1417 the aged Archbishop of Dublin, Thomas Cranley, died in Faringdon while journeying to London.

The Church of England parish church of All Saints[6] may date from the 12th century, and the clerestorey and possibly the west end of the nave survive from this period.[5] A Norman doorway survives, although not in its original position, in the baptistery.[7] The chancel and north transept are 13th century and the west chapel is 14th century.[7] The north chapel is a late mediaeval Perpendicular Gothic addition[7] with 15th-century windows.[5]

All Saints has a central bell tower, which was reduced in height in 1645 after it was damaged by a cannonball in the English Civil War.[5] Faringdon was fought over because it commands the road to the Radcot Bridge over the River Thames. The tower now has a ring of eight bells.[8] The three oldest bells were cast in 1708. James Wells of Aldbourne, Wiltshire cast the tenor bell in 1779 and another bell in 1803. The three youngest bells, including the treble, were cast in 1874 by Mears and Stainbank.[5]

Faringdon churchyard is reputedly haunted by the headless apparition of naval officer Hampden Pye.[9]

The Old Town Hall (formerly the Market Hall) dates from the late 17th or early 18th century.[5][10] It remains the centre of the town and its focal point.

The £1.6 million three-mile A420 bypass opened in July 1979.

Faringdon Folly

The Folly, from the A420

Just east of the town is Folly Hill or Faringdon Hill, a Greensand outcrop (at grid reference SU298957). In common with Badbury Hill to the west of the town, it has an ancient ditched defensive ring (hill fort). This was fortified by supporters of Matilda sometime during the Anarchy (1135–1141) – her campaign to claim the throne from King Stephen – but was soon razed to the ground by Stephen. Oliver Cromwell fortified it in his unsuccessful campaign to defeat the Royalist garrison at Faringdon House. The Pye family had Scots Pines planted around the summit, around the time that Faringdon House was rebuilt in the late 18th century. This is a conspicuous and recognisable landmark that can be seen from afar, including from the Vale of White Horse, White Horse Hill, the Berkshire Downs near Lockinge and the Cotswold Hills to the north.

The folly on Folly Hill was designed by Gerald Wellesley, Marquess of Douro for Lord Berners and built in 1935. It is 140 feet (43 m) high and affords panoramic views of the Vale of White Horse.[11] During the Second World War the Home Guard used it as an observation post. In 1982 Robert Heber-Percy restored it and gave it to the town in trust.

Near the top of London Street near Faringdon Folly is the pub bearing the same name. Resembling a small living room with a bar placed in the middle, it is a popular haunt for those that like an "old-fashioned" pub.

Faringdon House

There is a manor house and estate, close to the edge of Faringdon, called Faringdon House. The original house was damaged during the English Civil War. Its owner at the time, Sir Robert Pye, who was a Royalist, was put under siege by his own son Robert who was a Parliamentarian colonel.[12] Building of the current, smaller, began about 1780 and was not completed until after 1785.[13][14] It was the home of Lord Berners in the middle part of the twentieth century. It currently belongs to the writer Sofka Zinovieff, though she does not live there.

Geology

Numerous borings in a Cretaceous cobble, Faringdon, England; these are excellent examples of fossil bioerosion.

Faringdon is home to the famous Faringdon Sponge Gravel, a Cretaceous unit filled with spectacular fossil sponges, other invertebrates, a few vertebrate bones and teeth, and wonderful examples of bioerosion.

Transport

Buses

Faringdon is connected to Swindon and Oxford by the half-hourly 66 bus service run by Stagecoach in Swindon.

Faringdon is connected to Wantage by the regular 67 bus service operated by Thames Travel. The journey takes approximately 30 minutes and connects intervening villages to the two towns. A service to Wantage is also provided by the Stanford in the Vale Community Bus.[15]

Railway

A 3.5 miles (5.6 km) Faringdon branch line was opened in 1864, between Faringdon and the Great Western Railway (GWR) at Uffington, with construction funded by the Faringdon Railway Company (bought outright by the GWR in 1886). Passenger traffic peaked in 1913, but later declined to such extent that the passenger service was withdrawn in 1951. Freight traffic continued to use the line until the Beeching closures of 1964. The Faringdon station building is still extant, having been used for various commercial purposes (currently a nursery school).

Culture

Dyed pigeons at Faringdon House

Faringdon is notable for the dyed pigeons at Faringdon House. The custom of dyeing pigeons was originally started by the eccentric Lord Berners.[16] Around the town one can see a number of stone plaques with comments such as "Please do not throw stones at this notice" reflecting Lord Berners' ongoing influence on the town.

Since 2004, Faringdon has held an annual arts festival over one weekend in early July. The festival is currently (2010) being organised by Focus on Faringdon CIC: a Community Interest Company established for the ongoing benefit of the town.

Home of international professional wrestler, "The Star Attraction" Mark Haskins.

Twin towns

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom

Faringdon is twinned with:

References

  1. ↑ "Area selected: Vale of White Horse (Non-Metropolitan District)". Neighbourhood Statistics: Full Dataset View. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 3 April 2010. 
  2. ↑ ...for example in Goodrich (1928)
  3. ↑ The relevant reference to Fearndune in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is now thought instead to refer to Farndon, Cheshire.
  4. ↑ Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40/647; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT1/H6/CP40no647/bCP40no647dorses/IMG_0615.htm ; John Terry of Chepyng Farendon, Berks, the defendant; first entry
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Page & Ditchfield, 1924, pages 489–499
  6. ↑ All Saints', Faringdon
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Pevsner, 1966, page 139
  8. ↑ Oxford Diocesan Guild of Church Bell Ringers: Vale of the White Horse Branch: Branch Towers
  9. ↑ "Highworth Historical Society Ghost of Faringdon Churchyard". Highworth Historical Society. Retrieved 6 April 2013. 
  10. ↑ Images of England website
  11. ↑ Pevsner, 1966, page 142
  12. ↑ John Burke A genealogical and heraldic history of the commoners of Great Britain
  13. ↑ Faringdon On Line: Faringdon House
  14. ↑ Pevsner, 1966, page 140
  15. ↑ Stanford in the Vale Community Bus
  16. ↑ Lord Berners, Faringdon.org
  17. ↑ "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-20. 

Sources

External links

Ceremonial county of Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire Portal
Boroughs or districts
Major settlements
Topics
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