Fairmount Line

FAIRMOUNT LINE
An outbound train at Talbot Ave station in 2012
Overview
Type	Commuter rail line
System	Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Status	Operating
Locale	Eastern Massachusetts
Termini	Boston South Station Readville
Stations	8 active 1 planned
Daily ridership	1,561 daily (2009)[1]
Operation
Owner	MBTA
Operator(s)	MBCR
Character	Elevated and surface-level
Technical
Line length	9.2 miles (14.8 km)
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Route map Legend South Station   Red Line  Amtrak NEC, Framingham/Worcester, Needham, and Providence/Stoughton Lines Fort Point Channel Greenbush and Old Colony Lines Newmarket Uphams Corner Four Corners/Geneva Ave Talbot Ave Morton Street Blue Hill Avenue (planned) Neponset River Fairmount Neponset River Amtrak NEC and Providence/Stoughton Line Readville  South Station via Back Bay Franklin Line This route map: view talk edit

The Fairmount Line or Dorchester Branch is a line of the MBTA Commuter Rail system in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Except for a short portion in Milton, it lies entirely within Boston, progressing in a southwesterly trajectory, passing through the neighborhoods of Dorchester, Mattapan and Hyde Park. It sees service roughly every half hour during rush hours and approximately every hour or less at other times, with no night or weekend service. Most trains reverse direction at the south end at Readville, but a few continue onto the Franklin Line.

From the 1980s until 2012, the Fairmount Line had only five stations - three plus the two termini (South Station and Readville); however, four more stations are being added to the line between 2012 and 2015. The first of these, Talbot Ave, opened on November 12, 2012, followed by Newmarket and Four Corners/Geneva on July 1, 2013.^[2][3] Due to neighborhood opposition over its design and location, Blue Hill Avenue station has been delayed until at least 2015.^[4]

The corridor currently serves mostly low-income and working-class communities.^[5]

History

Former service

Map showing the original South Boston routing

The line was built as an entrance to Boston for the Norfolk County Railroad and its successors, which originally had to rely on a connection via the Boston and Providence Railroad from Dedham. The new line, built in 1855, split from the old one at Islington and ran northeast, crossing the Boston and Providence Railroad at Readville. It continued on through Hyde Park and Dorchester before crossing the Old Colony Railroad at South Bay Junction. The line continued into South Boston and made a sweeping curve along a trestle west to downtown Boston and a terminal at Dewey Square.

After several failed reorganizations, the line became part of the New York and New England Railroad in 1873 and the New England Railroad in 1895. The New England was leased to the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1898 and became their Midland Division. The line was operationally split at Readville, the crossing of the Boston and Providence (also leased by the NYNH&H), with many trains using the Midland from the southwest switching to the B&P, and some on the B&P from the south switching to the Midland.

In 1899, the new South Station union station opened, and a new set of tracks was built for the Midland on the west side of the Old Colony Railroad mainline, also part of the NYNH&H. The old South Boston station (located on West 1st Street between A and B Streets) was abandoned, being north of the junction with the new alignment, and the old terminal was no longer used, with the last bit of the old line (over Fort Point Channel) removed, and the rest used for freight only. South Boston was however served by the station that had been built for the Old Colony, now between the Old Colony and Midland tracks.

Under New Haven Railroad control, most intercity and some commuter trains from the former NY&NE (now the Franklin Line) switched onto the Northeast Corridor mainline (former B&P) at Readville, with Midland Branch service largely limited to local trains. Passenger service last ran on the Midland north of Readville in 1944 after a long period of declining ridership, though the line continued to be used for freight service to South Boston.

Restoration of passenger service

Morton Street station as built in 1979

The MBTA bought the line (since merged into Penn Central) from Readville to Southampton Street in 1976 (the part south of Readville was bought in 1973 as part of the Franklin Line) and modernized it for use as a bypass while the mainline was closed during the Southwest Corridor project.^[6] On November 3, 1979, all trains on the Franklin and Providence/Stoughton Lines, as well as Amtrak intercity service, were rerouted via the Midland.^[6] Three of the old stations - Fairmount, Morton Street and Uphams Corner - were rebuilt with bare asphalt platforms and opened for local commuter service. The restored service on the line was not intended to be permanent; however, the service became locally popular.^[7] Uphams Corner and Morton Street stations closed on January 30, 1981, as part of system-wide cuts that included the closure of the Woburn Branch.^[6]

On October 5, 1987, the new Southwest Corridor opened to commuter service; most Franklin Line and Attleboro/Stoughton Line service was rerouted to the mainline. The MBTA began operating the Fairmount Shuttle (later known as the Fairmount Line) between South Station and Fairmount as a response to community demand; the stops at Morton Street and Uphams Corner were reopened. The shuttle was extended to Readville on November 30, 1987.^[6] The route - sometimes called the Dorchester Branch by the MBTA - is used by some rush-hour Franklin Line trains to reduce load on the three-track Southwest Corridor and supplement the shuttle service. Some Providence/Stoughton Line trips used the Dorchester Branch until around 2004, when they were rerouted to the mainline to avoid passing through CSX's Readville 1-Yard. An MBTA study released in 2010 indicated that the most workable routing options for full-time service to Foxboro would involve extending some or all Fairmount Line trips to Foxboro over part of the Franklin Line.^[8]

Improvement project

PARK interlocking, just north of Talbot Ave station, was added in 2007-2008

Map of the line showing the new stations

Talbot Ave was the first new station to open under the Fairmount line Improvements Project

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts agreed in 2005 to make improvements on the Fairmount Line part of its legally binding commitment to mitigate increased air pollution from the Big Dig. To comply with the State Implementation Plan filed with the federal Environmental Protection Agency, these improvements must be complete by December 31, 2011. As an interim deadline, the Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation was required to "complete final design, apply for all necessary permits and grants, file any required legislation, and initiate all public and private land acquisition" by December 1, 2009.^[9] The existing Uphams Corner and Morton Street stations have been rebuilt, featuring high-level train platforms for easy boarding, canopies, access ramps, electronic message boards, and pedestrian-friendly walkways. At the completion of the project, all stations on the line will be compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act and be wheelchair-accessible.^[10] Four new stations have or will be constructed at Four Corners, Talbot Avenue, Blue Hill Avenue, and Newmarket Square. Additionally, six bridges have been reconstructed, a new interlocking was added, and the signal system has been rebuilt.^[10]

The MBTA has allocated $37 million to the project^{[citation needed]} and $39 million has been allocated from the Commonwealth from the Emergency Needs Bond Bill of 2007.^[9] The total cost of the project is estimated at $79.4 million.^[11]

The addition of new stations and the upgrades to the existing infrastructure are projected to divert 220 trips from automobiles to transit,^[12] and increase daily weekday ridership on the line from around 2,800 to 7,300 one-way trips.^[13]

The plan adopted by the MBTA is based on the Indigo Line plan advanced by community activists, which was intended to make the characteristics of the line more like rapid transit than commuter rail, with increased frequency and number of stops. However, the MBTA does not plan to increase service frequency to match rapid transit lines, nor to install pre-pay fare systems. The Indigo Line plan also called for the use of diesel multiple unit (DMU) cars for faster acceleration and deceleration, which were considered by the MBTA but not adopted.

The first new station to be completed, Talbot Ave, opened on November 12, 2012.^[2] Newmarket and Four Corners/Geneva opened on July 1, 2013. Five new round trips were also added, and Fairmount station was changed to fare zone 1A (to reduce fares to the same as rapid transit) for two years as a pilot program.^[14] Ribbon-cutting ceremonies were held at Newmarket, Four Corners/Geneva Ave, and Talbot Ave on July 17, 2013.^[15] The location and design of Blue Hill Avenue has been more controversial; construction is currently planned to start in late summer 2013 for a 2015 opening.^[4][15]

Accessibility

All stations on the line are handicapped accessible. Readville and Fairmount have short high-level platforms long enough for one pair of doors, while the remaining stations have full-length high-level platforms. See also MBTA accessibility.

Station listing

Four Corners/Geneva Ave station shortly after its opening in July 2013

Fairmount station was rebuilt in 2005

All current and future stations are in Boston, Massachusetts, though a short portion of the line south of River Street, including the location of the former Glenwood station, is in Milton.

Milepost[16][6]	Station	Opening date	Connections and notes
0.0	South Station	1899	Connections to Amtrak's Lake Shore Limited, Northeast Regional, and Acela Express; MBTA Commuter Rail Greenbush Line, Old Colony Lines, Providence/Stoughton Line, Needham Line, Franklin Line, and Framingham/Worcester Line; MBTA rapid transit Red Line and Silver Line
0.5	South Boston		Closed; formerly located at West 4th Street
1.1	South Bay Junction		never a station splits from Old Colony Lines (MBTA) before 1899, the line went northeast from here with a stop at South Boston and a terminal at the foot of Summer Street downtown
2.0	Newmarket	July 1, 2013
2.2	Cottage Street		Closed; separate from Uphams Corner station[7]
2.4	Uphams Corner	November 3, 1979	Formerly Dudley Street (pre-1944)
2.8	Bird Street		Closed
3.5	Four Corners/Geneva	July 1, 2013	Formerly Mount Bowdoin (pre-1944)
4.1	Harvard Street		Closed
4.5	Talbot Ave	November 12, 2012	First station to open under the Fairmount Line Improvements program
4.7	Dorchester		Closed; formerly located at Woodrow Avenue
5.3	Morton Street	November 3, 1979	originally Forest Avenue (pre-1944)
6.0	Blue Hill Avenue		Originally Mattapan (pre-1944) In design, with construction to begin in 2013 for a 2015 opening
6.5	Rugby		Closed; formerly located at Greenfield Road
6.8	River Street		Closed
7.9	Fairmount	November 3, 1979	Sometimes (pre-1944) known as Hyde Park
8.3	Glenwood		Closed; formerly located at Glenwood Avenue. Sometimes known as Fairmount
9.2	Readville		splits with connections to the Franklin Line and the Providence/Stoughton Line

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to MBTA Fairmount Line.

• MBTA - Fairmount Line Schedule
• MBTA - Fairmount Line Improvements

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