Expressways of China

The expressway network of China is an integrated system of national and provincial-level expressways in the People's Republic of China, forming the world's largest expressway system by length. At the end of 2013, the total length of the network was 104,500 kilometres (64,900 mi), of which 8,260 kilometres (5,130 mi) of expressways were built in that year alone.^[2] A system of national-level expressways, officially known as the National Trunk Highway System (simplified Chinese: 中国国家高速公路网; traditional Chinese: 中國國家高速公路網; pinyin: Zhōngguó Guójiā Gāosù Gōnglùwǎng) and abbreviated NTHS,^[3] with 7 radial expressways (from the capital Beijing), 9 north-south expressways and 18 east-west expressways, forms the backbone of the expressway network in the country. This backbone is known as the 7918 network (simplified Chinese: 7918网; traditional Chinese: 7918網; pinyin: 7918 wǎng).^[4] In addition, the provincial-level divisions of China each have their own expressway systems.

Expressways in China are a fairly recent addition to the transportation infrastructure in the country. Previously, the national road network consisted of a system of at-grade China National Highways. China's first expressway, the Shanghai–Jiading Expressway, opened in October 1988.^{[5][note 1]} This 17.37 kilometres (10.79 mi) expressway now forms part of Shanghai's expressway network. The early 1990s saw the start of the country's massive plan to upgrade its network of roads.^[3] In 1999, the length of the network exceeded 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) in length.^[6] Many of the major expressways parallel routes of the older China National Highways.

History

Length of National Trunk Highway System by year^[6]

Year[note 2]	Length
1988	0 km (0 mi)
1989	147 km (91 mi)
1990	271 km (168 mi)
1991	522 km (324 mi)
1992	574 km (357 mi)
1993	652 km (405 mi)
1994	1,145 km (711 mi)
1995	1,603 km (996 mi)
1996	2,141 km (1,330 mi)
1997	3,422 km (2,126 mi)
1998	4,771 km (2,965 mi)
1999	8,733 km (5,426 mi)
2000	11,605 km (7,211 mi)
2001	16,314 km (10,137 mi)
2002	19,453 km (12,088 mi)
2003	25,200 km (15,700 mi)
2004	29,800 km (18,500 mi)
2005	34,300 km (21,300 mi)
2006	41,005 km (25,479 mi)
2007	45,339 km (28,172 mi)
2008	53,913 km (33,500 mi)
2009	60,436 km (37,553 mi)
2010	65,055 km (40,423 mi)
2011	74,113 km (46,052 mi)
2012	84,946 km (52,783 mi)
2013	96,200 km (59,800 mi)
2014	104,500 km (64,900 mi)

Prior to the 1980s, freight and passenger transport activities were predominantly achieved by rail transport rather than by road. The 1980s and 1990s saw a growing trend toward roads as a method of transportation and a shift away from rail transport. In 1978, rail transport accounted for 54.4% of the total freight movement in China, while road transport only accounted for 2.8%. By 1997, road transport's share of freight movement had increased to 13.8% while the railway's share decreased to 34.3%. Similarly, road's share of passenger transport increased from 29.9% to 53.3% within the same time period, with railway's share decreasing from 62.7% to 35.4%. The shift from rail to road can be attributed to the rapid development of the expressway network in China.^[3]

On 7 June 1984, China's expressway ambitions began when construction of the Shenyang–Dalian Expressway began between the cities of Shenyang and Dalian. The expressway is now part of the longer G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway. Later that year, construction began on the Shanghai–Jiading Expressway in the city of Shanghai. The Shanghai–Jiading Expressway opened on 31 October 1988, becoming the first completed expressway in China.^[5]

On 13 January 2005, Zhang Chunxian, China's Minister of Transport announced that that China would build a network of 85,000 kilometres (53,000 mi) expressways over the next three decades, connecting all provincial capitals and cities with a population of over 200,000 residents. The announcement introduced the 7918 network (simplified Chinese: 7918网; traditional Chinese: 7918網; pinyin: 7918 wǎng), a grid of 7 radial expressways from Beijing, 9 north-south expressways, and 18 east-west expressways that would form the backbone of the national expressway system.^[4] This replaced the earlier proposal for five north-south and seven east-west core routes, proposed in 1992.^[3]

Costs

The total costs of the national expressway network are estimated to be 2 trillion yuan (some 240 billion US dollars). From 2005 to 2010, the annual investment was planned to run from 140 billion yuan (17 billion US dollars) to 150 billion yuan (18 billion US dollars), while from 2010 to 2020, the annual investment planned is to be around 100 billion yuan (12 billion US dollars).

The construction fund will come from vehicle purchase tax, fees and taxes collected by local governments, state bonds, domestic investment and foreign investment. Unlike other freeway systems, almost all of the roads on the NTHS/"7918 Network" are toll roads that are largely financed by private companies under contract from provincial governments. The private companies raise money through bond and stock offerings and recover money through tolls.

Efforts to impose a national gasoline tax to finance construction of the tollways met with opposition and it has been very difficult for both the Communist Party of China and the State Council to pass such a tax through the National People's Congress of China.^[7][8]

Expressway nomenclature

Neither officially named "motorway" nor "highway", China used to call these roads "freeways". In this sense, the word "free" means that the traffic is free-flowing; that is, cross traffic is grade separated and the traffic on the freeway is not impeded by traffic control devices like traffic lights and stop signs. However, many misinterpret "free" as meaning "no cost", and this may be misleading because most of the expressways charge tolls. Some time in the 1990s, "expressways" became the standardised term.

Note that "highways" refers to China National Highways, which are not expressways at all.

"Express routes" exist too; they are akin to expressways but are mainly inside cities. The "express route" name is a derivation of the Chinese name kuaisu gonglu (compare with expressway, gaosu gonglu). Officially, "expressway" is used for both expressways and express routes, which is also the standard used here.

The names of the individual expressways are regularly composed of two characters representing start and end of expressway, e.g. "Jingcheng" expressway is the expressway between "Jing" (meaning Beijing) and Chengde.

Expressway speed limits

The Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China has raised the speed limit nationwide from 110 km/h to 120 km/h (75 mph), effective May 1, 2004.

A minimum speed limit of 70 km/h is in force. On overtaking lanes, however, this could be as high as 100 km/h to 110 km/h. Penalties for driving both below and in excess of the prescribed speed limits are enforced.

Expressway legislation

Only motor vehicles are allowed to enter expressways. As of May 1, 2004, "new drivers" (i.e., those with a Chinese driver's licence for less than a year) are allowed on expressways, something that was prohibited from the mid-1990s.

Overtaking on the right, speeding, and illegal use of the emergency belt (or hard shoulder) cost violators stiff penalties.

Expressway signage

Expressways in China are signed in both Simplified Chinese and English (except for parts of the Jingshi Expressway, which relies only on Chinese characters, and some provinces, in Inner Mongolia for example signs are in Mongolian and Chinese, and in XUAR the signs are in Chinese and Uyghur Language which uses Perso-Arabic Alphabet). This sharply reduces the language barrier; however, very few toll officials at toll gates speak English.

The signs on Chinese expressways use white lettering on a green background, like Japanese highways, Swiss autobahns and United States freeways. Newer signage places the exit number in an exit tab to the upper right of the sign, making them very similar in appearance to American freeway signs.

Exits are well indicated, with signs far ahead of exits. There are frequent signs that announce the next three exits. At each exit, there is a sign with the distance to the next exit. Exit signs are also posted 3000 m, 2000 m, 1000 m, and 500 m ahead of the exit, immediately before the exit, and at the exit itself.

Service areas and refreshment areas are standard on some of the older, more established expressways, and are expanding in number. Gas stations are frequent.

Signs indicate exits, toll gates, service/refreshment areas, intersections, and also warn about keeping a fair distance apart. "Distance checks" are commonplace; the idea here is to keep the two-second rule (or, as Chinese law requires, at least a 100 m distance between cars). Speed checks and speed traps are often signposted (in fact, on the Jingshen Expressway in the Beijing section, even the cameras have a warning sign above them), but some may just be scarecrow signs. Signs urging drivers to slow down, warning about hilly terrain, banning driving in emergency lanes, or about different road surfaces are also present. Also appearing from time to time are signs signaling the overtaking lane (which legally should only be used to pass other cars). Although most English signs are comprehensible, occasionally the English is garbled.

Some, if not most, expressways have digital displays. These displays may advise against speeding, indicate upcoming road construction, warn of traffic jams, or alert drivers to rain. Recommended detours are also signaled. The great majority of messages are only in Chinese.

Expressway exit numbering

Exit numbering has been standardised in China from virtually day one, while some other nations are just catching on (e.g. Switzerland only in 2002). Most Chinese expressways, especially those in the national network, use distance-based exit numbering, with the last three numbers before the decimal point taken used as the exit number. Hence, an exit present at km 982.7 would be Exit 982, whereas an exit at km 3,121.2 would be Exit 121.

Mostly regional expressways still use sequential exit numbering, although even here, new signage feature distance-based exit numbering. Before the 2009–2010 numbering switchover, nearly all of China's expressways used sequential numbering, and a few expressways used Chinese names outright.

The exit is written inside an oval in green letters to the immediate right of the Chinese word for exit, "出口" (chukou).

Expressway tolls and financing

Nearly all expressways charge tolls. Tolls are roughly around CNY 0.5 per kilometre, and minimum rates (e.g. CNY 5) usually apply regardless of distance. However, some are more expensive (the Jinji Expressway costs around CNY 0.66 per kilometre) and some are less expensive (the Jingshi Expressway in Beijing costs around CNY 0.33 per kilometre). It is noteworthy that cheaper expressways do not necessarily mean poorer roads or a greater risk of traffic congestion.^{[citation needed]}

Expressway planning is performed by the Ministry of Transportation of the People's Republic of China. Unlike the road networks in most nations, most Chinese expressways are not directly owned by the state, but rather are owned by for-profit corporations (which have varying amounts of public and private ownership) which borrow money from banks or securities markets based on revenue from projected tollways. One reason for this is that Chinese provinces, which are responsible for road building, have extremely limited powers to tax and even fewer powers to borrow.

Expressway construction has also been one of the rare instances in which the Communist Party of China and the State Council has had to back down on a major policy initiative. During the late-1990s, there were proposals to fund public highways by means of a fuel tax, but this was voted down by the National People's Congress.

Toll methods

Most expressways use a card system. Upon entrance to an expressway (or to a toll portion of the expressway), an entry card is handed over to the driver. The tolls to be paid are determined from the distance traveled when the driver hands the entry card back to the exit toll gate upon leaving the expressway. A small number of expressways do not use a card system but charge unitary fares. Passage through these expressways is relatively faster but it is economically less advantageous. An example of such an expressway would be the Jingtong Expressway.

China is increasingly deploying a system of ETC systems, and in the latest edition of expressway toll gate signage, a new ETC sign is now shown at an increasing number of toll gates. ETC networks based around Beijing , Shanghai and Guangdong province all feature either mixed toll passages supporting toll card payment or full-service dedicated ETC lanes. Beijing, in particular, has a dedicated ETC lane at almost all toll gates.^[9]

City transit cards are not widely used; one of the first experiments with the Beijing Yikatong Card on what is now the Jingzang Expressway (G6)^[10] went live for only a year before a new national standard replaced it in early 2008.

Numeric System and List by number

G000 Series

A previous system, the 1992 "five vertical + seven horizontal expressways" system, was used for arterial expressways and were, in essence, G0-series expressways (e.g. G020, G025). This was replaced by the present-day new numeric system (see below).

New Numbering System

A new system, which dates from 2004 and began use on a nationwide level beginning late 2009 and early 2010, integrates itself into the present-day G-series number system. The present-day network, termed the 7918 Network (also known as the National Trunk Highway System (NTHS)), uses one, two or four digits in the G-series numbering system, leaving three-figured G roads as the China National Highways.

The new 7918 Network is composed of

• 7 radial expressways leaving Beijing (G1-G7)
• 9 vertical expressways going north to south (double digit G roads with numbers ending in an odd numeral)
• 18 horizontal expressways head west to east (double digit G roads with numbers ending in an even numeral)

The network is additionally composed of connection expressways as well as regional and metropolitan ring expressways.

On a nationwide basis, expressways use the G prefix (short for "guojia" or "nation" in Chinese), as well as the character "国家高速" (National Expressway, white letters on a red stripe on top of the sign). For regional expressways, the prefix S (short for "shengji" or "province-level") is used instead, as well as the one-character abbreviation of the province and "高速" (expressway, black letters on an orange-yellow stripe on top of the sign.) The same numbering system is used for both national and regional expressways.

Numbering Rules

• All expressways in this network begin with the letter G. (For regional expressways, the letter S is used instead.)
• All expressways have a thin band on top of the sign. For national expressways, this will be red; for regional expressways, it will be orange-yellow.
• For radial expressways leaving from or ending in Beijing, use a single digit from 1 to 9 (e.g. G1, G2).
• For north-south expressways, use an odd number from 11-89 (e.g. G13, G35).
• For west-east expressways, use an even number from 10-90 (e.g. G30, G46).
• For regional expressways in the 7918 network, use numbers from 91-99 (e.g. G91, G93)
  • Note: G99 or the Taiwan Ring Expressway is currently a theoretical expressway based in Taiwan Province, which is claimed by the People's Republic of China, but is actually administered by the Republic of China. (In additional, the ROC has not built the eastern half as an expressway.) See Political status of Taiwan. See also Highway System in Taiwan for the current Republic of China-maintained Taiwan freeway system, which uses a different numbering system.
• For the parallel expressways running alongside primary expressways, add the direction signal "W", "E", "N", "S" after the primary expressway number (e.g. G4W).
• For connection expressways, use "1" plus an order number after the main line (e.g. G1511).
• For city ring expressways, use "0" plus an order number after the main line number, starting from the smallest possible number.

NTHS Expressways

Number and Name	Origin	Terminus	Length (km)	Notes
Radial Expressways from Beijing
G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway	Beijing	Harbin	1,280 km (800 mi)
G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway	Beijing	Shanghai	1,245 km (774 mi)
G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway	Beijing	Fuzhou (Taipei)	2,030 km (1,260 mi)	See also Political Status of Taiwan.
G4 Beijing–Hong Kong–Macau Expressway	Beijing	Hong Kong–Mainland China border	2,285 km (1,420 mi)	Extends into Shenzhen section of Hong Kong Route 10 and connects other expressways in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
G4W Guangzhou–Macau Expressway	Guangzhou	Macau–Mainland China border		Connects to Macau's roads. Macao is a special administrative region of China.
G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway	Beijing	Kunming	2865
G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway	Beijing	Lhasa	3710
G7 Beijing–Ürümqi Expressway	Beijing	Ürümqi	2540
North–South Expressways
G11 Hegang–Dalian Expressway	Hegang	Dalian	1390
G1111 Hegang–Harbin Expressway	Hegang	Harbin
G1112 Ji’an–Shuangliao Expressway	Ji'an	Shuangliao
G1113 Dandong–Fuxin Expressway	Dandong	Fuxin
G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway	Shenyang	Haikou	3710
G15W Changshu–Taizhou Expressway	Changshu	Taizhou
G1511 Rizhao–Lankao Expressway	Rizhao	Lankao
G1512 Ningbo–Jinhua Expressway	Ningbo	Jinhua
G1513 Wenzhou–Lishui Expressway	Wenzhou	Lishui
G1514 Ningde–Shangrao Expressway	Ningde	Shangrao
G25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway	Changchun	Shenzhen	3580
G2511 Xinmin–Lubei Expressway	Xinmin	Lubei, Jarud Banner
G2512 Fuxin–Jinzhou Expressway	Fuxin	Jinzhou
G2513 Huai'an–Xuzhou Expressway	Huai'an	Xuzhou
G35 Jinan–Guangzhou Expressway	Jinan	Guangzhou	2110
G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway	Daqing	Guangzhou	3550
G4511 Longnan–Heyuan Expressway	Longnan	Heyuan
G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway	Erenhot	Guangzhou	2685
G5511 Jining–Arun Expressway	Jining	Arun (Arong) Banner
G5512 Jincheng–Xinxiang Expressway	Jincheng	Xinxiang
G5513 Changsha–Zhangjiajie Expressway	Changsha	Zhangjiajie
G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway	Baotou	Maoming	3130
G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway	Lanzhou	Haikou	2570
G7511 Qinzhou–Dongxing Expressway	Qinzhou	Dongxing		Connects Vietnamese expressway to Hanoi, Vietnam
G85 Chongqing–Kunming Expressway	Chongqing	Kunming	838
G8511 Kunming–Mohan Expressway	Kunming	Mohan, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture		Part of the Kunming-Bangkok Expressway via Laos and Thailand to Bangkok
East–West Expressways
G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway	Suifenhe	Manzhouli	1520	Two terminal are both boundary cities. Connects the expressway in Russia and Mongolia
G1011 Harbin–Tongjiang Expressway	Harbin	Tongjiang, Heilongjiang
G12 Huichun–Ulanhot Expressway	Huichun	Ulanhot	885	Connects the expressways in North Korea
G1211 Jilin–Heihe Expressway	Jilin City	Heihe		Connects the expressways in Russia
G1212 Shenyang–Jilin Expressway	Shenyang	Jilin City
G16 Dandong–Xilinhot Expressway	Dandong	Xilinhot	960
G18 Rongcheng–Wuhai Expressway	Rongcheng, Shandong	Wuhai	1820
G1811 Huanghua–Shijiazhuang Expressway	Huanghua, Hebei	Shijiazhuang
G20 Qingdao–Yinchuan Expressway	Qingdao	Yinchuan	1600
G2011 Qingxin Expressway	Qingdao	Xinhe County, Hebei
G2012 Dingwu Expressway	Dingbian	Wuwei
G22 Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway	Qingdao	Lanzhou	1795
G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway	Lianyungang	Khorgas	4280
G3011 Liuyuan–Golmud Expressway	Liuyuan, Guazhou County, Jiuquan	Golmud
G3012 Turpan–Hotan Expressway	Turpan	Hotan
G3013 Kashgar–Irkeshtam Expressway	Kashgar	Irkeshtam		Connects to Kyrgyzstan
G3014 Kuytun–Aksu Expressway	Kuytun	Aksu
G3015 Kuytun–Tacheng Expressway	Kuytun	Tacheng		Connects Kazakh expressways
G3016 Qingshuihe–Yining Expressway	Qingshuihe	Yining
G36 Nanjing–Luoyang Expressway	Nanjing	Luoyang	712
G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway	Shanghai	Xi'an	1490
G4011 Yangzhou–Liyang Expressway	Yangzhou	Liyang
G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway	Shanghai	Chengdu	1960
G4211 Nanjing–Wuhu Expressway	Nanjing	Wuhu
G4212 Hefei–Anqing Expressway	Hefei	Anqing
G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway	Shanghai	Chongqing	1900
G5011 Wuhu–Hefei Expressway	Wuhu	Hefei
G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway	Hangzhou	Ruili	3405	Connects Burmese expressways
G5611 Dali–Lijiang Expressway	Dali	Lijiang
G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway	Shanghai	Kunming	2370
G70 Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway	Fuzhou	Yinchuan	2485
G7011 Shiyan–Tianshui Expressway	Shiyan	Tianshui
G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway	Quanzhou	Nanning	1635
G7211 Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway	Nanning	Youyiguan		Connects Vietnamese expressways
G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway	Xiamen	Chengdu	2295
G78 Shantou–Kunming Expressway	Shantou	Kunming	1710
G80 Guangzhou–Kunming Expressway	Guangzhou	Kunming	1610
G8011 Kaiyuan–Hekou Expressway	Kaiyuan	Hekou County, Yunnan		Connects Vietnamese expressways
Zonal Ring Expressways
G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway	Liaozhong	Liaozhong		Interconnects Tieling, Fushun, Benxi, Liaoyang, Liaozhong, Xinmin, Tieling
G92 Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway	Shanghai	Ningbo		Interconnects Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo
G9211 Ningbo–Zhoushan Expressway	Ningbo	Zhoushan		Interconnects Ningbo and Zhoushan
G93 Chengdu–Chongqing Ring Expressway	Chengdu	Chengdu		Interconnects Chengdu, Mianyang, Suining, Chongqing, Hejiang, Luzhou, Yibin, Leshan, Yaan, and Chengdu
G94 Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway	Hong Kong-Mainland China border	Hong Kong-Mainland China border		Interconnects Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Foshan, Huadu, Zengcheng and Dongguan of mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao
G9411 Dongguan–Foshan Expressway	Dongguan	Foshan		Interconnects Dongguan, Humen, Foshan
G98 Hainan Ring Expressway	Haikou	Haikou		Interconnects Haikou, Qionghai, Sanya, Dongfang, Haikou
G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway (observed) currently branded: TNH 1, TPH 1 [Kaohsiung-Fangshan], TPH 9 [Fangshan-Luodong], & TNH 5 (counter clockwise)	Taipei	Taipei		Connects Taipei, Taichung, Kaoshiung, Taitung, Hualien, Taipei together This is a theoretical expressway listed by the People's Republic of China. Taiwan Province is currently administered by the Republic of China. See Political Status of Taiwan. See also Highway System in Taiwan for the current Republic of China-maintained Taiwan freeway system, which uses a different numbering system.
City Ring Expressways
G0102 Changchun Ring Expressway	Changchun
G0401 Changsha Ring Expressway	Changsha
G0601 Hohhot Ring Expressway	Hohhot
G0601 Lhasa Ring Expressway	Lhasa
G0601 Xining Ring Expressway	Xining
G1001 Harbin Ring Expressway	Harbin
G1101 Dalian Ring Expressway	Dalian
G1501 Fuzhou Ring Expressway	Fuzhou
G1501 Guangzhou Ring Expressway	Guangzhou
G1501 Haikou Ring Expressway	Haikou
G1501 Ningbo Ring Expressway	Ningbo
G1501 Qingdao Ring Expressway	Qingdao
G1501 Shanghai Ring Expressway	Shanghai
G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway	Shenyang
G1501 Xiamen Ring Expressway	Xiamen
G1502 Quanzhou Ring Expressway	Quanzhou
G2001 Jinan Ring Expressway	Jinan
G2001 Shijiazhuang Ring Expressway	Shijiazhuang
G2001 Taiyuan Ring Expressway	Taiyuan
G2001 Yinchuan Ring Expressway	Yinchuan
G2501 Hanzhou Ring Expressway	Hangzhou
G2501 Nanjing Ring Expressway	Nanjing
G2501 Shenzhen Ring Expressway	Shenzhen
G2501 Tianjin Ring Expressway	Tianjin
G3001 Lanzhou Ring Expressway	Lanzhou
G3001 Ürümqi Ring Expressway	Ürümqi
G3001 Xi'an Ring Expressway	Xi'an
G3001 Zhengzhou Ring Expressway	Zhengzhou
G4001 Hefei Ring Expressway	Hefei
G4201 Chengdu Ring Expressway	Chengdu
G4201 Wuhan Ring Expressway	Wuhan
G4202 Chengdu Second Ring Expressway	Chengdu
G4501 Beijing Ring Expressway	Beijing
G5001 Chongqing Ring Expressway	Chongqing
G5601 Kunming Ring Expressway	Kunming
G6001 Guiyang Ring Expressway	Guiyang
G6001 Nanchang Ring Expressway	Nanchang
G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway	Nanning

Regional expressways

Municipalities: All expressways are ordered by direction (starting from the north, in west-to-east direction).
Other Regions: All expressways are ordered alphabetically.

Anhui

• S01 Lihuang Expressway
• S04 Suzhou-Sixian Expressway
• S06 Sudeng Expressway
• S12 Chuxin Expressway
• S17 Benghe Expressway
• S27 Anqing-Dongzhi Expressway

Beijing

• S12 Airport Expressway
• S28 Northern Airport Expressway
• S32 Beijing-Pingu Expressway
• S50 5th Ring Expressway
• S51 2nd Airport Expressway

• 6th Ring Road (Beijing)
• Jingjin Expressway
• Tongyan Expressway

Old naming conventions

• Badaling Expressway
• Jingbao Expressway
• Jingda Expressway

Chongqing

• Changshou-Fuling Expressway
• Qijiang-Wandongzhen Expressway
• Wanzhou-Kaixian Expressway

Old naming conventions

• Chengyu Expressway

Fujian

• S10 Xiuyu-Putian Expressway
• S10 Puyong Expressway
• S0311 Pujian Expressway
• S1521 Fuzhou Connecting Line
• S1531 Airport Expressway
• S1551 Yuping Expressway
• S1572 Douwei Shugang Expressway

• Quansan Expressway

Gansu Province

• S1 Lanying Expressway
• S2 Lanlang Expressway
• S14 Longxi-Weiyuan Expressway
• S17 Jinchang-Yongchang Expressway

Guangdong

Old naming conventions

• Guangfo Expressway
• Guangshen Expressway
• Guangsan Expressway
• Guangzhan Expressway
• Guangwu Expressway
• Shenshan Expressway

Guangxi

• Guiliu Expressway
• Liunan Expressway
• Nanwu Expressway
• Nanbai Expressway
• Nanyou Expressway

Guizhou

Hainan

• Haikou-Wenchang expressway (Haiwen Expressway)

Hebei

Existing expressways

• Baojin Expressway
• Jinghu Expressway
• Jingjintang Expressway
• Jingshen Expressway
• Jingshi Expressway
• Jingzhang Expressway
• Shian Expressway
• Shicang Expressway
• Tangjin Expressway
• Tanggang Expressway
• Xuanda Expressway

Expressways under construction

• Jingcheng Expressway (Gaoliying, Beijing - Chengde)
• Jingkai Expressway

Projected expressways

• Chengtang Expressway
• Zhangshi Expressway
• Yanhai Expressway
• Qinghong Expressway

Heilongjiang

Henan

Hubei

Existing Expressways

• Airport Expressway (Jianghan District, Wuhan - Huangpi District, Wuhan)
• G70 Fuyin Expressway (Huangmei County, Huanggang - Yunxi County, Shiyan)
  • Hanshi Expressway (Huangpi District, Wuhan - Zhangwan District, Shiyan)
    • Xiaoxiang Expressway (Xiaonan District, Xiaogan - Xiangyang District, Xiangfan)
  • Huangxiao Expressway (Huangmei County, Huanggang)
  • Shiman Expressway (Zhangwan District, Shiyan - Yunxi County, Shiyan)
  • Wuhuang Expressway (Hongshan District, Wuhan - Huangshigang District, Huangshi)
• Hancai Expressway (Hanyang District, Wuhan - Caidian District, Wuhan)
• Han'e Expressway (Qingshan District, Wuhan - Hongshan District, Wuhan)
• Hanhong Expressway (Hanyang District, Wuhan - Hannan District, Wuhan)
• Hanhuang Expressway (Jiang'an District, Wuhan - Huangpi District, Wuhan)
• Hanma Expressway (Huangpi District, Wuhan - Hong'an County, Huanggang)
• Hanyi Expressway (Caidian District, Wuhan - Xiling District, Yichang)
• Huanghuang Expressway (Huangshigang District, Huangshi - Huangmei County, Huanggang)
• Jingdong Expressway (Jingzhou District, Jingzhou - Gong'an County, Jingzhou)
• Jingxiang Expressway (Jingzhou District, Jingzhou - Xiangyang District, Xiangfan)
• Jingzhu Expressway (Dawu County, Xiaogan - Chibi City, Xianning)
• Qingzheng Expressway (Hongshan District, Wuhan - Jiangxia District, Wuhan)
• Wuhan Middle Ring Expressway
• Wuhan Outer Ring Expressway (some parts concurrent with G4 Jinggang'ao Expressway, G42 Hurong Expressway, G50 Huyu Expressway, G70 Fuyin Expressway)

Expressways under construction

• G45 Daguang Expressway (Macheng City, Huanggang - Tongshan County, Xianning)
• G42 Hurong Expressway (Yingshan County, Huanggang - Badong County, Enshi)
  • Hanying Expressway (Jiang'an District, Wuhan - Yingshan County, Huanggang)
• Suiyue Expressway (Zengdu District, Suizhou - Jianli County, Jingzhou)

Hunan

Inner Mongolia

Jiangsu

• Huning Expressway (Shanghai - Nanjing)
• Yanjiang Expressway (Taicang - Changzhou)
• Ningtong Expressway (Nanjing - Nantong)
• Ningma Expressway (Nanjing - Maanshan)
• Ningjingyan Expressway (Nanjing - Jingjiang - Yancheng)
• Yanlian Expressway (Yancheng - Lianyungang)

Jiangxi

• Ganyue Expressway
• Hurui Expressway
• Changjiu Expressway
• Jingfu Expressway

Jilin

Liaoning

• Shenda Expressway
• Shendan Expressway
• Jingshen Expressway

Ningxia

• Yinchuan City Ring Expressway
• Ningxia section of Jingzang Expressway
• Ningxia section of Qingyin Expressway
• Ningxia section of Qinglan Expressway
• Ningxia section of Fuyin Expressway
• Ningxia section of Dingwu Expressway

Qinghai

• S1113 Ninggui Expressway
• Ping'a Expressway
• Xining-Datong Expressway (Ningda Expressway)

Shaanxi

Shandong

Shanghai

• Huhang Expressway (G60) (Xinzhuang Interchange - Hangzhou)
• Huning Expressway (G2/G42) (Zhenbei Road Interchange - Nanjing)

/ Jinghu Expressway (Beijing - Shanghai)

• A9 Expressway (G50) (Waihuan Huqingping Interchange - Qingpu - Zhujiajiao)
• A12 Expressway (S5) (Wenshui Road - Jiading - Taicang)
• A4 Expressway (S4) (Xinzhuang Interchange - Fengxian - Jinshan)
• A5 Expressway
• A30 Expressway (G1501) (Suburb circular expressway, partly G010 National Highway)

Shanxi

Sichuan

Tianjin

• Jinji Expressway
• Tangjin Expressway
• Jinghu Expressway
• Baojin Expressway
• Jingjintang Expressway
• Jinbin Expressway

Tibet

• Tibet section of Jingzang Expressway

Xinjiang

Yunnan

• Kunming-Bangkok Expressway
• Kunshi Expressway

Zhejiang

• Wenzhou Ring Expressway (Wenzhou)
• Shaozhu Expressway (Shaoxing - Zhuji)
• Zhuyong Expressway (Zhuji - Yongjia)
• Taijin Expressway (Taizhou - Jinhua)

Hong Kong and Macau

There is 160.9 kilometres (100.0 mi) of expressways in Hong Kong. Macau has less than 50 kilometres (31 mi) of highways and are partially controlled access.

For more see Expressways in Hong Kong and Highways in Macau.

See also

• China National Highways
• Transport in China
• China road numbering
• Highway System in Taiwan

Notes

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Expressways in China.

• China Motor Way network maps (in English and more compact)

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v t e Expressways of the National Trunk Highway System of China Radial Expressways - Beijing Primary G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 Branch G1N G3W G4E G4W G4W2 G4W3 Auxiliary G0111 G0211 G0511 G0512 G0611 G0612 G0613 G0615 G0711 North-South Expressways Primary G11 G15 G25 G35 G45 G55 G59 G65 G69 G75 G85 Branch G15W G15W2 G15W3 G65E Auxiliary G1111 G1112 G1113 G1511 G1512 G1513 G1514 G1515 G1516 G1517 G2511 G2512 G2513 G2515 G2516 G2517 G2518 G3511 G4511 G4512 G4513 G4515 G5511 G5512 G5513 G5515 G5516 G6511 G6911 G7511 G8511 G8512 G8513 G8515 East-West Expressways Primary G10 G12 G16 G18 G20 G22 G30 G36 G40 G42 G50 G56 G60 G70 G72 G76 G78 G80 Branch G12S G30N G42S G50S G60N Auxiliary G1011 G1012 G1013 G1015 G1211 G1212 G1213 G1215 G1216 G1611 G1811 G1812 G1813 G1815 G1816 G1817 G2011 G2012 G2211 G3011 G3012 G3013 G3014 G3015 G3016 G3017 G3018 G3019 G4011 G4012 G4211 G4212 G4213 G4215 G4216 G4217 G4218 G4219 G5011 G5012 G5013 G5611 G5612 G5613 G5615 G6011 G7011 G7211 G7212 G7611 G7612 G8011 G8012 G8013 Regional Ring Expressways Primary G91 G92 G93 G94 G95 G98 G99 (observed) Branch G92N Auxiliary G9111 G9211 G9411 G9511 G9811 G9812 G9813 City Ring Expressways Ring G0102 G0401 G0601 (Hohhot) G0601 (Lhasa) G0601 (Xining) G1001 G1101 G1501 (Fuzhou) G1501 (Guangzhou) G1501 (Haikou) G1501 (Ningbo) G1501 (Qingdao) G1501 (Shanghai) G1501 (Shenyang) G1501 (Xiamen) G1502 G2001 (Jinan) G2001 (Shijiazhuang) G2001 (Taiyuan) G2001 (Yinchuan) G2501 (Hangzhou) G2501 (Nanjing) G2501 (Shenzhen) G2501 (Tianjin) G3001 (Lanzhou) G3001 (Ürümqi) G3001 (Xi'an) G3001 (Zhengzhou) G4001 G4201 (Chengdu) G4201 (Wuhan) G4202 G4501 G5001 G5601 G6001 (Guiyang) G6001 (Nanchang) G7201