Executive Order 11905

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Executive Order 11905 is a United States Presidential Executive Order signed on February 18, 1976, by President Gerald R. Ford as an attempt to reform the United States Intelligence Community, improve oversight on foreign intelligence activities, and ban political assassination.^[1]^[2] Much of this EO would be changed or strengthened by Jimmy Carter's Executive Order 12036 in 1978.

Background

The Executive Order was created and signed by Gerald Ford after the Church Committee and Pike Committee had divulged secrets about the U.S. Intelligence Community in the 1970s, particularly regarding the Central Intelligence Agency's assassination operations. The committees had been investigating the CIA's activity and EO 11905 was signed in an attempt to ban assassination and reform the intelligence community.^[2]

Intelligence innovations

EO 11905 made four major changes to the intelligence community but would not bring overwhelming, effective reform. First, the EO created a new National Security Committee on Foreign Intelligence, to be chaired by the Director of Central Intelligence. Second, the EO replaced the 40 Committee, which was responsible for oversight of covert activities, with the Operations Advisory Group. The Operations Advisory Group would have similar responsibilities and be composed of senior White House, CIA, State Department and Department of Defense representatives. Third, the EO created a part-time Intelligence Oversight Board which was initially chaired by the former ambassador Robert Daniel Murphy. The chair of the Intelligence Oversight Board was to report illegal activity to the Attorney General and improprieties to the President.^[1]^[2]

Lastly, the EO offered the United States' first ban on assassination (political): "No employee of the United States Government shall engage in, or conspire to engage in, political assassination." This ban on assassination would be superseded and strengthened with Executive Order 12036.^[1]^[2]

References

↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 [http://www.ford.utexas.edu/LIBRARY/speeches/760110e.htm#SEC.%205. President Gerald R. Ford's Executive Order 11905: United States Foreign Intelligence Activities University of Texas]
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Andrew, Christopher For the President's Eyes Only New York: HarperPerennial, 1995, pg. 419

v t e Major U.S. Intelligence Reforms

U.S. Legislation	National Security Act of 1947 (1947) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (1978) National Intelligence Reorganization and Reform Act (1978) Patriot Act (2001) Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (2004)

U.S. Commissions	The First Hoover Commission The Second Hoover Commission (1953) The Rockefeller Commission (1975) Aspen-Brown Commission (1995) U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (2001) Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission (2005)

U.S. Committees	The Church Committee (1976) The Pike Committee (1976)

U.S. Executive Orders	EO 11905 (Ford) (1976) EO 12036 (Carter) (1978) EO 12333 (Reagan) (1981) EO 13355 (G.W. Bush) (2004) EO 13470 (G. W. Bush) (2008)

U.S. Investigations	The Murphey Investigation (1974) Iran-Contra Investigation (1987)

U.S. Reports	Eberstadt Report (1947) The Dulles–Jackson–Correa Report (1949) The Doolittle Report (1954) The Bruce-Lovett Report (1956) The Taylor Report (1961) The Kirkpatrick Report (1961) The Schlesinger Report (1971) Clifford/Cline Proposals (1976) Boren-McCurdy Proposals (1992) IC21 (1996) 9/11 Commission Report (2004)

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