Eva Dugan
Eva Dugan (1878 – February 21, 1930) was a convicted murderer whose execution by hanging at the state prison in Florence, Arizona resulted in her decapitation and influenced the state of Arizona to replace hanging with the lethal gas chamber as a method of execution.
Biography and crime
Born in 1878, Dugan wound up in Juneau, Alaska after trekking north during the Klondike Gold Rush and became a cabaret singer. She subsequently moved to Pima County, Arizona, where she worked for an elderly chicken rancher, Andrew J. Mathis, as a housekeeper. Shortly after her employment was terminated for unknown reasons, Mathis disappeared, as did some of his possessions, his Dodge Coupe automobile and his cash box. Neighbors reported that Dugan had tried to sell some of his possessions before she disappeared as well.
The police discovered Dugan had a father in California and a daughter in White Plains, New York. She had been married five times, and all her husbands had disappeared. The Dodge Coupe was sold by her for $600 in Kansas City, Missouri. She was arrested in White Plains when a postal clerk, alerted by the police, intercepted a postcard to her from her father in California. She was extradited back to Arizona to face auto theft charges.
Convicted of auto theft, she was imprisoned. Nine months later, a camper found Mathis' decomposed remains on his ranch. Dugan was then tried for murder in a short trial based mostly on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution proved to the jury's satisfaction that Dugan had murdered Mathis with an axe. She was allegedly aided in the murder by "Jack", a teenage boy, who was never found.
After her conviction, in her final statement, she told the jurors, “Well, I’ll die with my boots on, an’ in full health. An’ that’s more’n most of you old coots’ll be able to boast on.” She would remain defiant to the end.
Imprisonment and execution
Dugan gave interviews to the press for $1.00 each and sold embroidered handkerchiefs she knitted while imprisoned to pay for her own coffin. She also made for her hanging a silk, beaded "jazz dress", but later relented and wore a cheap dress as she was worried that her silk wrapper "might get mussed." She remained upbeat, so much so that Time magazine called her "Cheerful Eva" in a March 3, 1930 story about her execution.[1]
The day before the hanging, there were rumors she planned to kill herself before being hanged, and her cell was searched and a bottle of raw ammonia and three razor blades hidden in a dress were confiscated.
Dugan's appeal for clemency on the grounds of mental illness was denied and she was taken to the gallows at 5 a.m. on the morning of February 21, 1930. She was the first woman to be executed by the state of Arizona, and it was the first execution in Arizona history in which women were permitted as witnesses. Aside from Dugan, there were five women in the death chamber.
According to a newspaper account, Dugan was composed as she mounted the gallows. She told the guards, "Don't hold my arms so tight, the people will think I'm afraid." She swayed slightly when the noose was put around her neck and shook her head negative when asked if she had any final words.
The trap was sprung at 5:11 and at the end of the drop, the snap of the rope decapitated her, sending Dugan's head rolling to a stop at the feet of the spectators. The grisly scene caused five witnesses (two women and three men) to faint. With the replacement of the gallows by the gas chamber in Arizona in 1934, Dugan has the distinction of being the only woman to be executed by hanging in the Grand Canyon State.
References
- ↑ "Cheerful Eva". Time Magazine. Time-Life. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
External links
- 1930: Eva Dugan, her head jerked clean off, Executed Today
- Eva Dugan, Find a Grave