European Broadcasting Union

European Broadcasting Union Union européenne de radio-télévision
Countries with one or more members are in dark blue. Associated members in light blue.
Formation	12 February 1950
Type	Union of broadcasting organisations
Headquarters	Geneva, Switzerland
Membership	74 active members
Official languages	English, French
President	Jean-Paul Philippot[1]
Website	www.ebu.ch

The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; French: Union européenne de radio-télévision (UER)) is the world's foremost^{[citation needed]} alliance of public service media entities, comprising 74 Active Members in 56 countries and 35 Associate Members from a further 22 countries. It is unrelated to the European Union.^[2][3]

General description

Members of the EBU are radio and television companies, most of which are government-owned public service broadcasters or privately owned stations with public service missions. Active Members come from as far north as Iceland and as far south as Egypt, from Ireland in the west and Azerbaijan in the east, and almost every nation from geographical Europe in between. Associate Members are from countries and territories beyond Europe, such as Canada, Japan, Mexico, India and Hong Kong. Associate Members from the United States include ABC, CBS, NBC, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Time Warner, and the only individual station, Chicago-based classical music station WFMT.

Active Members are those whose states are within the European Broadcasting Area, or otherwise those who are members of the Council of Europe.

The EBU's highest profile production is the Eurovision Song Contest, organised by its Eurovision Network. The Eurovision Network also organises the Eurovision Dance Contest, the Junior Eurovision Song Contest, the Eurovision Young Dancers competition, and other competitions for young musicians and screenwriters, which are modelled along similar lines. The countries represented in the EBU also cooperate to create documentaries and (animated) children's programming.

Radio collaborations include Euroclassic Notturno – an overnight classical music stream, produced by BBC Radio 3 and broadcast in the United Kingdom as Through the Night – and special theme days, such as the annual Christmas music relays from around Europe.^[4]

Most EBU broadcasters have a group deal to carry the Olympics^[5] and FIFA World Cup (particularly, the games of their country and the Final). Another annually recurring event which is broadcast across Europe through the EBU is the Vienna New Year's Concert.

The theme music played before EBU broadcasts is Marc-Antoine Charpentier's Prelude to Te Deum. It is well known to Europeans as it is played before and after the Eurovision Song Contest and other important events.

History

The classic opening ident that preceded all Eurovision network transmissions until the mid-1990s. The logotypes of both the sending and receiving company were shown in the middle. The pattern around the middle is based on the Flag of Europe. This sample shows the old logo of the BBC.

EBU logo used from 1994 to 2012

It was formed on 12 February 1950 by 23 broadcasting organisations from Europe and the Mediterranean at a conference in the coastal resort of Torquay in Devon, England. In 1993, the International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT), an equivalent organisation of broadcasters from Central and Eastern Europe, was merged with the EBU.

The first co-production was the animated series The Animals of Farthing Wood from 1993 based on the books of the same title by Colin Dann. The second animated collaboration was Noah's Island from 1997 and more recently, Pitt and Kantrop. Another important EBU programme is Jeux Sans Frontières.

Technical activities

The objective of the EBU's technical activities is simply to assist EBU Members (see below) in this period of unprecedented technological changes. This includes provision of technical information to Members via conferences and workshops, as well as in written form (such as the EBU Technical Review, and the EBU tech-i magazine).

The EBU also encourages active collaboration between its Members on the basis that they can freely share their knowledge and experience, thus achieving considerably more than individual Members could achieve by themselves. Much of this collaboration is achieved through Project Groups which study specific technical issues of common interest: for example, EBU Members have long been preparing for the revision of the 1961 Stockholm Plan.

The EBU places great emphasis on the use of open standards. Widespread use of open standards (such as MPEG-2, DAB, DVB, etc.) ensures interoperability between products from different vendors, as well as facilitating the exchange of programme material between EBU Members and promoting "horizontal markets" for the benefit of all consumers.

EBU Members and the EBU Technical Department have long played an important role in the development of many systems used in radio and television broadcasting, such as:

• The AES/EBU digital audio interface, formally known as AES3;
• Serial and parallel interfaces for digital video (ITU-R Recommendations 601 and 656);
• RDS – the Radio Data System used on FM broadcasting.
• The EBU Loudness Recommendation R 128 and 'EBU Mode' meters (EBU Tech 3341)

The EBU has also actively encouraged the development and implementation of:

• Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) through Eureka Project 147 and the WorldDAB Forum;
• Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) through the DVB Project and DigiTAG;
• Digital radio in the bands currently used for AM broadcasting through DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale);
• Standardisation of PVR systems through the TV-Anytime Forum.
• Development of other content distribution networks on the internet through P2PTV; EBU Project Group D/P2P, from November 2007 to April 2008, with a trial of selected member channels, thanks to Octoshape's distribution platform.^[6] The EBU is also part of the European P2P-Next project.

Greek state broadcaster controversy of 2013

The Greek government shut down the state broadcaster ERT on 11 June, at short notice, citing government spending concerns related to the Euro crisis.^[7] In response, the European Broadcasting Union set up a makeshift studio on the same day, near the former ERT offices in Athens, in order to continue providing EBU members with news-gathering and broadcast relay services that had formerly been provided by ERT.^[8]

The EBU put out a statement expressing its "profound dismay" at the shutdown, urged the Greek Prime Minister "to use all his powers to immediately reverse this decision" and offered the "advice, assistance and expertise necessary for ERT to be preserved".^[9]

Members

member countries of EBU coloured by period of entrance (small countries not included)

• The names of the broadcasting companies not in Roman script are either in English or French, the official languages of the EBU.^[10]

Country	Broadcasting organisation	National script	Abbr.	Year
Albania	Albanian Radio and Television	Radio Televizioni Shqiptar	RTSH	1999
Algeria	Entreprise nationale de télévision	المـؤسـسـة العمومية للتـلـفزيـون	ENTV	1970
	Enterprise nationale de radiodiffusion	الإذاعة الجزائرية	ENRS	1970
	Télédiffusion d'Algérie	تلفزيون لجزائر	TDA	1970
Andorra	Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra	RTVA	RTVA	2002
Armenia	Public Radio of Armenia	Հայաստանի Հանրային Ռադիո	ARMR	2005
	Public Television of Armenia	Հայաստանի հանրային հեռուստաընկերություն	ARMTV	2005
Austria	Austrian Broadcasting	Österreichischer Rundfunk	ORF	1953
Azerbaijan	Public Television and Radio	İctimai Televiziya və Radio Yayımları Şirkəti	İTV	2007
Belarus	Belarusian Television and Radio Company	Нацыянальная дзяржаўная тэлерадыёкампанія Рэспублікі Беларусь	BTRC	1993
Belgium	Flemish Radio- and Television Network	Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep	VRT	1950
	French Radio and Television of Belgium	Radio-Télévision Belge de la Communauté Française	RTBF	1950
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Radiotelevision of Bosnia & Herzegovina	Radio-televizija Bosne i Hercegovine Радио-телевизија Босне и Херцеговине	BHRT	1993
Bulgaria	Bulgarian National Radio	Българско национално радио	BNR	1993
	Bulgarian National Television	Българска национална телевизия	BNT	1993
Croatia	Croatian Radiotelevision	Hrvatska radiotelevizija	HRT	1993
Cyprus	Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation	Ραδιοφωνικό Ίδρυμα Κύπρου (Greek) Kıbrıs Radyo Yayın Kurumu (Turkish)	CyBC/RIK KRYK	1969
Czech Republic	Czech Radio	Český rozhlas	ČRo	1993
	Czech Television	Česká televize	ČT	1993
Denmark	Denmark's Radio	Danmarks Radio AS	DR	1950
	TV2	TV2 AS	DK/TV2	1996
Egypt	Egyptian Radio and Television Union	إتحاد الإذاعة و التليفزيون المصري	ERTU	1985
Estonia	Estonian Public Broadcasting	Eesti Rahvusringhääling	ERR	1993
Finland	- Finnish Broadcasting Corporation - Swedish Broadcasting of Finland	Yleisradio OY (Finnish) Rundradion AB (Swedish)	YLE/FST5	1950
	Commercial Channel 3	Mainostelevisio 3	MTV3	1993
France	- TF1 - France Télévisions - Canal+ - Radio France - Radio France Internationale	Groupement des Radiodiffuseurs Français de l'UER	GRF	1950
	Europe 1	Europe 1	E1	1978
Georgia	Georgian Public Broadcaster	საქართველოს საზოგადოებრივი მაუწყებელი	GPB	2005
Germany	German National Broadcasting	Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland	ARD	1952
	Second German Television	Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen	ZDF	1963
Greece	New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television	Νέα Ελληνική Ραδιοφωνία, Ίντερνετ και Τηλεόραση	ΝΕΡΙΤ	2014
Hungary	Hungarian Radio	Magyar Rádió	MR	1993
	Hungarian Television	Magyar Televízió	HU/MTV	1993
Iceland	National Broadcasting Service	Ríkisútvarpið	RÚV	1956
Ireland	Raidió Teilifís Éireann	Raidió Teilifís Éireann	RTÉ	1950
	TG4	TG4 Teilifís na Gaeilge	TG4	2007
Israel	Israel Broadcasting Authority	רָשׁוּת השׁידוּר	IBA	1957
Italy	Italian Radio-Television	Radiotelevisione Italiana	RAI	1950
Jordan	Jordan Radio and Television Corporation	التلفزيون الأردني	JRTV	1970
Latvia	Latvian Television	Latvijas Televīzija	LTV	1993
	Latvian Radio	Latvijas Radio	LR	1993
Lebanon	Télé Liban	تلفزيون لبنان	TL	1950
Libya	Libya National Channel	-	LNC	2011
Lithuania	Lithuanian National Radio and Television	Lietuvos Radijas ir Televizija	LRT	1993
Luxembourg	CLT Multi Media	Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion	RTL	1950
	Radio 100,7	Radio 100,7	ERSL	1996
Macedonia	Macedonian Radio-Television	Македонска радио телевизија	MKRTV	1993
Malta	Public Broadcasting Services	Public Broadcasting Services	MT/PBS	1970
Moldova	Teleradio-Moldova	Teleradio-Moldova	TRM	1993
Monaco	- Radio Monte Carlo (France) - Radio Monte-Carlo (Italy) - TMC Monte Carlo	Groupement de Radiodiffuseurs Monégasques	TMC/GRMC	1950
Montenegro	Radio Television of Montenegro	Radio televizija Crne Gore Радио телевизија Црне Горе	RTCG	2001
Morocco	Société Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision	الشركة الوطنية للإذاعة والتلفزة	SNRT	1969
Netherlands	Netherlands Public Broadcasting	Nederlandse Publieke Omroep	NPO	1950
Norway	Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation	Norsk Rikskringkasting AS	NRK	1950
	TV2	TV2 AS	NO/TV2	1992
Poland	Polish Television	Telewizja Polska	TVP	1993
	Polish Radio	Polskie Radio	PR	1993
Portugal	Radio and Television of Portugal	Rádio e Televisão de Portugal	RTP	1950
Romania	Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company	Societatea Română de Radiodifuziune	ROR	1993
	Romanian Television	Televiziunea Română	RO/TVR	1993
Russia	Channel One Russia	Первый канал	C1R	1993
	Radio Dom Ostankino	Радиодом Останкино	RDO	1993
	Russian State Television and Radio	Всероссийская государственная телевизионная и радиовещательная компания	RTR	1993
San Marino	Radio-Television of San Marino	Radiotelevisione della Repubblica di San Marino	SMTV	1995
Serbia	Radio Television of Serbia	Радио-телевизија Србије	RTS	2001
Slovakia	Radio Television of Slovakia	Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska	RTVS	2011
Slovenia	Radio-Television Slovenia	Radiotelevizija Slovenije	RTVSLO	1993
Spain	Spanish Radio-Television	Corporación Radiotelevisión Española	RTVE	1955
	Spanish Society of Radio	Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión	SER	1982
	People's Radiowaves of Spain	Cadena de Ondas Populares de España	COPE	1998
Sweden	- Sveriges Television - Sveriges Radio - Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company	Sveriges Television och Radio Grupp AB	STR	1950
	- TV4	TV4 Gruppen AB	SE/TV4	2004
Switzerland	Swiss Broadcasting Corporation - Swiss- German Radio and Television - Radio Télévision Suisse - Italian Radio and Television of Switzerland - Swiss- Romansh Radio and Television	SRG SSR Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft (German) Société suisse de radiodiffusion et télévision (French) Società svizzera di radiotelevisione (Italian) Societad svizra da radio e televisiun (Romansh)	SRG SSR	1950
Tunisia	Radiodifussion-Télévision Tunisienne	مؤسسة الإذاعة والتلفزة التونسية	ERTT	1950
Turkey	Turkish Radio and Television Corporation	Türkiye Radyo-Televizyon Kurumu	TRT	1950
Ukraine	National Television Company of Ukraine	Національна телекомпанія України	NTU	1993
	National Radio Company of Ukraine	Національна радіокомпанія України	NRU	1993
United Kingdom	British Broadcasting Corporation	British Broadcasting Corporation	BBC	1950
	United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting - Independent Television - Channel 4 - Sianel 4 Cymru	United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting Darlledu Annibynnol y Deyrnas Gyfunol (Welsh)	UKIB	1959
Vatican City	Vatican Television Center	Centro Televisivo Vaticano	CTV	1950
	Vatican Radio	Radio Vaticana	RV	1950

Associate members

Any group or organisation member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which provide a radio and/or television service outside of the European Broadcasting Area, are permitted to submit applications to the EBU for Associate Membership. Countries which have this status also pay an annual fee to maintain this status, if a fee is not paid, then their Associate Membership is revoked. It was also noted by the EBU that any country that is granted Associate Member status does not include any access into the Eurovision system.^[11]

The following table, gives a list of Associate Members of the EBU as of January 2012.^[3][11]

Country	Broadcasting organisation	Abbr.
Australia	Australian Broadcasting Corporation	ABC
	FreeTV Australia	Free
	SBS Australia	SBSC
Bangladesh	National Broadcasting Authority of Bangladesh	NBAB
Brazil	Rádio Cultura (Fundação Padre Anchieta)	—
Canada	Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Societé Radio Canada)	CBC/SRC
Cape Verde	Radiotelevisão Caboverdiana	RTC
Chile	Canal 13 (Chile)	UCCTV
China	China Central Television	CCTV
Cuba	Cuban Television	ICRT
Georgia	Teleimedi	TEME
	Rustavi 2	RB
Hong Kong	Radio Television Hong Kong	RTHK
	Television Broadcasts Limited	TVB
India	All India Radio	AIR
Iran	Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting	IRIB
Japan	Fuji Television	JOCX
	National Association of Commercial Broadcasters in Japan	NACB
	Nippon Hoso Kyokai	NHK
	TV Asahi	JOEX
	Tokyo Broadcasting System	TBS
	Nippon Television	JOAX
	Tokyo FM	TFM
Korea (Republic of)	Korean Broadcasting System	KBS
Malaysia	Radio Television Malaysia	RTM
Mauritania	TV de Mauritanie	MR/TVM
Mauritius	Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation	MBC
New Zealand	Radio New Zealand	RNZ
	Television New Zealand Ltd	TVNZ
Oman	Oman Directorate General of Radio and Television	ODGRT
Philippines	GMA Network, Inc.	DZBB
Qatar	Al Jazeera Children's Channel	JCC
South Africa	South African Broadcasting Corporation	SABC
Syria	Organisme de la Radio-Télévision Arabe Syrienne	ORTAS
United States	American Broadcasting Company	ABC
	CBS Broadcasting Inc.,	CBS
	National Public Radio	NPR
	National Broadcasting Company	NBC
	New York Public Radio	WNYC
	American Public Media	APM
	WFMT 98.7 FM, Chicago, Illinois	WFMT

Approved participant members

Any groups or organisations from a country with International Telecommunication Union (ITU) membership, which don't qualify for either of the EBU's Active or Associate memberships, but still provide a broadcasting activity for the EBU are granted a unique Approved Participants membership, which lasts approximately 5 years. An application for this status may be submitted to the EBU at any given time, providing an annual fee is paid.

The following table provides a list of European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 'Approved Participants'.^[3]

Country	Broadcasting organisation	Abbr.
Belgium  Canada  France   Switzerland	TV5 Europe	FRI/TV5
European Union	Euronews	Euronews
Franco-German	ARTE GEIE	ARTE
Macedonia	JP MRD (Macedonian Broadcasting)	JPMRD
Hungary	Duna Television	Duna TV
Palestinian Authority	Palestine Radio and TV Corporation	PRTV
Spain	Abertis Telecom S.A.	–
	Catalunya Música	CAT
Russia	Russian TV and Radio Broadcasting Network	RTRN

Past active members

Country	Broadcasting organisation	Abbr.	Years
Czechoslovakia	Československá televize	CST	1991—1992
Greece	Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation	ERT	1950—2013
Monaco  Italy	Telemontecarlo	TMC	1981—2001
Libya	Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation (الجماهيرية اللّيبيّة)	LJBC	1974—2011
Serbia and Montenegro	Alliance of Public Radio and Television	UJRT	2001—2006
Spain	Antena 3 de Radio, S.A.	A3R	1986—1993
Yugoslavia	Yugoslav Radio Television	JRT	1950—1992

Pending EBU membership applications

Country	Broadcasting organisation	Abbr.	Notes
Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan-1	K-1	State Television Company awaits of satisfaction of request for Pending or Approved EBU membership since 2008.[12][13][14]
Kosovo	Radio Television of Kosovo	RTK	RTK has shown interest into obtaining active EBU membership. However, they have yet to fulfil all the criteria set by the EBU for admission.[15][16][17]
Liechtenstein	1 Fürstentum Liechtenstein Television	1FLTV	Liechtenstein's only television broadcaster which began broadcasting on 15 August 2008. In July 2009, Peter Kölbel, broadcaster's managing director officially announced its intent to apply to join the EBU by the end of July 2009.[18]
Morocco	La deuxième Télévision	2M TV	The second commercial channel of Morocco has asked for membership to the EBU.[19]
Qatar	Qatar Radio	QR	Recently shown interest at Eurovision 2009, by sending delegates in the hope of applying for active membership.[20]
Russia	NTV	NTV	They never became members of The EBU. It was launched in 1993.

EBU competitions

The EBU holds competitions in which its Members can participate, if they wish to do so.

Eurovision Song Contest

The Eurovision Song Contest (French: Concours Eurovision de la Chanson)^[21] is an annual international song competition, that was first held in Lugano, Switzerland, on 24 May 1956. Seven countries participated – each submitting two songs, for a total of 14. This was the only contest in which more than one song per country was performed: since 1957 all contests have allowed one entry per country. The 1956 contest was won by the host nation, Switzerland.^[22] In this competition, only countries that are members of the EBU can participate.

Junior Eurovision Song Contest

Junior Eurovision Song Contest (French: Concours Eurovision de la Chanson Junior),^[23] is an annual international song competition, that was first held in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 15 November 2003. Sixteen countries participated – each submitting one song, for a total of 16 entries. The 2003 Contest was won by Croatia and the current winner is Malta.

Eurovision Young Musicians

Eurovision Young Musicians is a competition for Europeans younger than 19 years old. It is organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and is a member of EMCY.

The televised competition is held every two years, with some countries holding national heats. Since its foundation in 1982 the Eurovision Young Musicians competition has become one of the most important music competitions on an international level.

The first competition was held in Manchester, United Kingdom on 11 May 1982.

Eurovision Dance Contest

The Eurovision Dance Contest (not to be confused with the Eurovision Young Dancers Competition) was an international dancing competition that was held for the first time in London, United Kingdom on 1 September 2007. The competition was repeated in 2008, but has not been held since.

Eurovision Young Dancers

The Eurovision Young Dancers is a biennial dance showcase broadcast on television throughout Europe.

The first competition was held in Reggio Emilia, Italy on 16 June 1985.

It uses a format similar to the Eurovision Song Contest, every country that is a member of the EBU has had the opportunity to send a dance act to compete for the title of "Eurovision Young Dancer". The act can be either a solo act or a dance couple, and all contestants must be between the ages of 15 and 21 years and not professionally engaged. The winner is chosen by television viewers across the EBU through a real-time, electronic and onscreen voting mechanism.

Let the Peoples Sing

Let the Peoples Sing is a biennial choir competition, the participants of which are chosen from radio recordings entered by EBU radio members. The final, encompassing three categories and around ten choirs, is offered as a live broadcast to all EBU members. The overall winner is awarded the Silver Rose Bowl.

See also

• Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union
• BBC World News
• Caribbean Broadcasting Union
• Commonwealth Broadcasting Association
• Commonwealth Press Union
• Europe by Satellite
• North American Broadcasters Association
• Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (Iberoamerican Television Organization)
• TV5MONDE
• WRN Broadcast

Notes and references

Notes:

References:

External links

• EBU Website

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