Eurocopter EC135

The Eurocopter EC135 is a twin-engine civil helicopter produced by Eurocopter, widely used amongst police and ambulance services and for executive transport. It is capable of flight under instrument flight rules (IFR) and is outfitted with digital flight controls. It entered service in 1996; over a thousand aircraft have been produced to date.

Development

Origins

The EC135 started development prior to the formation of Eurocopter under Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) under the designation Bo 108 by MBB in the 1970s. Working in partnership with Aerospatiale, the Bo 108 was initially intended to be a technology demonstrator, combining attributes of the successful MBB Bo 105 with new advances and an aerodynamically streamlined design.^[2] Technologies included on the Bo 108 included the first full-authority digital engine controls (FADEC) on a helicopter, a bearingless main rotor, and the adoption of a new transmission.^[2] The first prototype made its first flight on 17 October 1988, powered by two Allison 250-C20R/1 engines. A second BO 108 followed on 5 June 1991, this time with two Turboméca TM319-1B Arrius engines; unlike later production aircraft, both technology demonstrators flew with conventional tail rotors.

In the late 1990s, the design was revised with the introduction of the Fenestron tail rotor system, an advanced rigid main rotor, composite materials, and resonance isolation systems.^[2] It was decided to pursue a full certification program, resulting in the production of two pre-production prototypes, under the new designation EC135 to correspond with the newly created Eurocopter company.^[3] At this point, it was decided that the EC135 should be developed with two competing engines, the Turboméca Arrius 2B and the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B engines; both engines proved to be successful and either is available as options on production EC135s.^[4]

The EC135 made its first public appearance in January 1995 at the Heli-Expo at Las Vegas.^[2] European JAA certification was achieved on 16 June 1996, with FAA approval following on 31 July.

Further development

Single-pilot IFR (SPIFR) certification was granted by the German LBA on 2 December 1999. Deliveries to the German Aviators Corps began on 13 September 2000 at the German Army Aviators School at Bückeburg Air Base. The EC135 received SPIFR certification from the UK CAA in December 2000.

In 2000, Eurocopter announced the start of certification work for the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B2, a version of the PW207 which offers improved single-engine performance and 30 second emergency power. The LBA certification was achieved on 10 July 2001, and the first EC135 with the new engines was handed over to the Swedish National Police on 10 August 2001.

In 2002, the EC135 Active Control Technology demonstrator/Flying Helicopter Simulator (ACT/FHS), a research aircraft designed to test fibre optic-based flight control systems, undertook its first flight.^[5]

At the NBAA in March 2007 in Atlanta, Eurocopter unveiled ‘L’Hélicoptère par Hermès, a special-edition VIP model designed by Hermès International, S.A.. This variant features a specially created luxury four-place main cabin, a sliding glass partition, a corporate baggage hold, redesigned skid landing gear and other external changes. Launch customer for ‘L’Hélicoptère par Hermès is Falcon Aviation Services (FAS), based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

In 2011, Eurocopter entered the Chinese business market licensing the Zhong-Ou International Group to produce the EC135 Luxury Helicopter in the Province of Zhejiang.^[6]

Operational history

Deliveries started on 1 August 1996, when two helicopters (0005 and 0006) were handed over to Deutsche Rettungsflugwacht. The 100th EC135 was handed over to the Bavarian police force in June 1999; by which point the worldwide fleet had accumulated approximately 30,000 flight hours.

The world fleet leader in aircraft hours for this type is G-NESV (s/n 0067) operated by Cleveland Police Air Operations Unit based at Durham Tees Valley Airport, UK. This aircraft was originally delivered to the North East Air Support Unit in April 1999, and by 2009 it had clocked up almost 12,000 hours.

In 2011, Eurocopter announced that a total of 1000 EC135 helicopters had been delivered to customers worldwide, roughly 15 years following the start of production.^[7]

In 2009, the EC135 was the first aircraft selected for offshore wind support in the UK after the Civil Aviation Authority approved helicopter operations to the Greater Gabbard offshore wind farm.^[8][9] The EC135 has also been used for this purpose in Denmark, supporting the Horns Rev offshore wind farm where over 10,000 successful personnel transfers have taken place.^[10][11]

In 2013, it was reported that the EC135 was currently providing roughly 25% of the world's total emergency medic services flights, and that over 500 EC135s have been delivered to in an aeromedical configuration.^[12]

Variants

EC135 P1 

Powered by two 463 kW (621 shp) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B (ratings correspond to Take-Off Power (TOP)). Later versions have the Center Panel Display System (CPDS). Initial maximum take-off weight (M.T.O.W.) of 2,630 kg (5,798 lbs), later raised to 2,720 kg (5,997 lbs) and then 2,835 kg (6,250 lbs).

EC135 T1 

Powered by two 435 kW (583 shp)(TOP rating) Turbomeca Arrius 2B1/2B1A/2B1A1. Later versions have the CPDS. Initial M.T.O.W. of 2,630 kg (5,798 lbs), later raised to 2,720 kg (5,997 lbs) and then 2,835 kg (6,250 lbs).

EC135 P2 

Powered by two 463 kW (621 shp) (TOP rating) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B2. Increased thermodynamic and mechanic OEI ratings (128% OEI torque). Replaced EC135 P1 in production in August 2001.

EC135 T2 

Powered by two 452 kW (606 shp) (TOP rating) Turbomeca Arrius 2B2. Increased thermodynamic and mechanic OEI ratings (128% OEI torque). Replaced EC135 T1 in production in August 2002.

EC135 P2+ (Marketing name EC135 P2i)

Latest current production version with 498 kW (667 shp) PW206B2 (new power ratings based on a FADEC software upgrade), plus a 2,910 kg (6,415 lbs) M.T.O.W. upgrade, extended component time between overhaul (TBOs), and a change in the main transmission lubricating oil.^[13] Built in Germany and Spain.

EC135 T2+ (Marketing name EC135 T2i)

Latest current production version with 473 kW (634 shp) Arrius 2B2 engines (new power ratings based on a FADEC software upgrade), plus a 2,910 kg (6,415 lbs) M.T.O.W. upgrade, extended component TBOs, and a change in the main transmission lubricating oil. Built in Germany and Spain.

EC135 P2+ (Marketing name EC135 P2e)

Marketing designation of aircraft with increased M.T.O.W. of 2,950 kg (6,504 lbs) within restricted flight envelope.

EC135 T2+ (Marketing name EC135 T2e) 

Marketing designation of aircraft with increased M.T.O.W. of 2,950 kg (6,504 lbs) within restricted flight envelope.

EC135 P3 

Powered by two 528 kW (708 shp) (TOP rating) PW206B3 engines (new power ratings based on a FADEC software upgrade), plus a 2,980 kg (6,570 lbs) M.T.O.W. upgrade, and significant increased OEI, Cat A, and hot/high performance. Market introduction in 2014.

EC135 T3 

Powered by two 492 kW (660 shp) (TOP rating) Arrius 2B2Plus engines (new power ratings based on a FADEC software upgrade), plus a 2,980 kg (6,570 lbs) M.T.O.W. upgrade, and significant increased OEI, Cat A, and hot/high performance. Market introduction in 2014.

EC 635

Military variant originally developed to meet a Portuguese Army requirement for a fire support and medical evacuation helicopter. Presently, operated by Jordan, Swiss and Iraqi armed forces.^{[citation needed]}

Operators

The EC135 is popular with air charter companies, air ambulance operators and is operated by private individuals and companies.

Civil and government operators

 Canada

• Ontario Provincial Police^[14]

 Croatia

• Croatian Police^[15]

 Czech Republic

• Police of the Czech Republic^[16]

 Germany

• ADAC^[17]
• Bundespolizei^[18]

 Japan

• Japanese National Police^[19]

 Lithuania

• State Border Guard^[20]

 Netherlands

• National Police^[21]

 Norway

• Norwegian Police Service^[22]

 Poland

• Lotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe^[23]

 Slovenia

• Slovenian National Police^[24]

 Spain

• National Police Corps of Spain^[25]

 Sweden

• Swedish Police Service^[26]

 United Kingdom

• North West Air Ambulance(operated by Bond Air Services) ^[27]
• Police Scotland (operated by Bond Air Services)^[28]
• Scottish Ambulance Service (operated by Bond Air Services)^[28]
• Northern Lighthouse Board (operated by Bond Air Services)^[29]

 United States

• Broward County Sheriff^[30]
• CALSTAR^[31][32]

Military Operators

 Gabon

• Gabonese Air Force^[33][34]

 Germany

• German Army^[33]

 Ireland

• Irish Air Corps^[33]

 Japan

• Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force^[33]

 Morocco

• Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie^[35][36]

 Spain

• Spanish Army Airmobile Force^[37]

Accidents and incidents

• On 29 November 2013, a Police Scotland EC135 T2 crashed into a pub in Glasgow, Scotland.^[38] Three occupants of the aircraft were killed, as well as seven patrons of the pub.^[39] The cause of the accident is under investigation.^[40]

Specifications (EC135 P2+/T2+)

Data from Eurocopter EC135 2008 Tech Data book

General characteristics

• Crew: 1 pilot
• Capacity: up to seven passengers or two crew and two patients (Air Ambulance variant) or 1,455 kg (3,208 lb) payload
• Length: 12.16 m (39 ft 11 in)
• Height: 3.51 m (11 ft 6 in)
• Empty weight: 1,455 kg (3,208 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 2,910 kg (6,415 lb)
• Powerplant: 2 × Turboméca Arrius 2B2 turboshaft engines, 472 kW (633 hp) each or 2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B turboshaft engines rated at 463 kW (621 hp) (take-off power)
• Main rotor diameter: 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
• Main rotor area: 81.7 m² (879 sq ft)

Performance

• Cruising speed: 254 km/h (158 mph; 137 kn)
• Never exceed speed: 287 km/h (178 mph; 155 kn)
• Range: 635 km (395 mi; 343 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 6,096 m (20,000 ft)
• Rate of climb: 7.62 m/s (1,500 ft/min)

See also

Related development

• Bölkow Bo 105
• Eurocopter EC 145
• Eurocopter EC 635

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• AgustaWestland AW109
• Bell 427
• Bell 429
• Eurocopter AS350 Ecureuil
• Eurocopter AS355 Ecureuil 2
• MD Helicopters MD Explorer
• MBB/Kawasaki BK 117
• HAL Dhruv

Related lists

• List of helicopters

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eurocopter EC 135.

External images

Cutaway drawing of EC-135

• Eurocopter - EC135
• Eurocopter EC135 ‘L’Hélicoptère par Hermès’
• RTH.info - Eurocopter EC135 (in German)
• European Aviation Safety Agency Type Certificate Data Sheet
• BlueSkyRotor.com- Performance datasheet of EC135 T2+

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