Eucalyptus longifolia
| Woollybutt | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Batemans Bay, Australia | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | Eucalyptus |
| Species: | E. longifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Eucalyptus longifolia Link | |
Eucalyptus longifolia, known by the common name woollybutt, is a tree of the myrtle family myrtaceae native to eastern Australia. It has thick, fibrous bark usually colored light gray and white, and long narrow grey-green leaves. The drooping flowerheads in groups of three are a distinguishing feature. It grows in heavy soils often near water.
Taxonomy
The woollybutt was described by German naturalist Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in 1822.[1] The specific epithet is the Latin words longus "long" and folium "leaf". Within the genus Eucalyptus, it belongs in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus.[2] The term woollybutt relates to the bark.[3]
Description
Eucalyptus longifolia grows as a tall tree to 35 m (100 ft) high, with a trunk diameter attaining 1 m (3 ft).[3] The long narrow leaves are lanceolate (spear-shaped) and measure 10–25 cm (4-10 in) long and 1.5–2.6 cm (0.6–1 in) wide. They are a uniform grey-green or blue-green in colour. The white flowerheads are arranged in groups of three,[4] and droop.
Distribution and habitat
The range is from Morisett in central New South Wales south to the Victorian border.[4] In the north of its range it is more scattered in its distribution, but becomes more common south of Nowra to Bega.[3] It generally grows on clay soils and floodplains, sometimes in areas with poor drainage,[5] in valleys and low areas.[3] In open sclerophyll forest, it grows alongside such trees as white mahogany (E. acmenoides), grey box (E. moluccana), forest red gum (E. tereticornis), and rough-barked apple (Angophora floribunda), while in swampy areas it is found with swamp mahogany (E. robusta) and paperbark species such as snow-in-summer (Melaleuca linariifolia), prickly paperbark (M. styphelioides) and swamp paperbark (M. ericifolia).[5]
Ecology
The woollybutt regenerates by regrowing from epicormic buds after bushfire. Trees live for over a hundred years. The Grey-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) and Little Red Flying Fox (P. scapulatus) eat the flowers.[5] The longhorn beetle species Paroplites australis has been recorded from the woollybutt.[6]
Uses
The dark red timber is hard and resistant to water,[2] and termites.[5] It has been used in railway sleepers and other general construction.[3] The woollybutt is also important in beekeeping and the honey industry.[2] It is useful as a shade tree or windbreak in paddocks, but grows too large for the average garden.[2]
References
- ↑ "Eucalyptus longifolia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L. (1986). "Eu-Go". In Elliot,Eliot, Rodger W. & Jones, David L. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation 4. Lothian Publishing. p. 134. ISBN 0-85091-213-X.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, Maurice William (2006). Forest trees of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 0-643-06969-0.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 New South Wales Flora Online: Eucalyptus longifolia by Hill, Ken, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae". Cunninghamia 5 (4): 809–987.
- ↑ Hawkeswood, Trevor J. (1992). "Review of the biology, host plants and immature stages of the Australian Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Part 1, Parandrinae and Prioninae". Giornale Italiano Di Entomologia 6: 207–24.