Eucalyptus chapmaniana

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Bogong gum
Eucalyptus chapmaniana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species: E. chapamaniana
Binomial name
Eucalyptus chapmaniana
F. Muell.
E. chapmaniana, field distribution

Eucalyptus chapmaniana, commonly known as the Bogong gum, is a small to medium-sized tree of montane and subalpine eastern Victoria and far south-eastern New South Wales.

Description

Eucalyptus chapmaniana grows as a tree to 35 m (100 ft) tall. It forms a woody base known as a lignotuber. The bark on trunk is partly or completely rough, fibrous and finely fissured longitudinally grey or brown-grey, branches smooth, light brown to creamy-white or pale grey, with long ribbons of decorticated bark in the branches, branchlets sometimes glaucous.

  • Juvenile growth (coppice or field seedlings to 50 cm):stem rounded in cross-section, glaucous or non-glaucous; juvenile leaves opposite and sessile for many pairs, orbicular to ovate, 2–9.5 cm long, 1.8–7 cm wide, margin entire or occasionally crenulate, green, blue-green or slightly glaucous.
  • Adult leaves alternate, petiole 1.3–3.7 cm long; blade lanceolate to falcate, 14–30 cm long, 1.7–4.8 cm wide, base tapering to petiole, concolorous, dull, green to blue-green, side-veins greater than 45° to midrib, moderately to densely reticulate, intramarginal vein parallel to and just within margin, oil glands mostly island.
  • Inflorescences axillary unbranched, peduncles 0.5–0.9 cm long; buds 3 (rarely 7) per umbel, pedicels 0.2–0.3 cm long. Mature buds clavate or diamond-shaped, 0.7–0.9 cm long, 0.5–0.6 cm wide, green to yellow or glaucous, scar present, operculum conical to beaked, stamens inflexed, anthers cuboid or cuneate, versatile, dorsifixed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits (non-confluent), style long, stigma blunt or tapered, locules 3 or 4, the placentae each with 4 vertical ovule rows. Flowers white.
  • Fruit sessile or on pedicels to 0.3 cm long, obconical or campanulate, 0.5–0.9 cm long, 0.7–1 cm wide, usually glaucous, disc conspicuously raised and convex, vertical or oblique, valves 3 or 4, exserted.
  • Seed black, brown or grey, 1–3 mm long, flattened-ovoid, often pointed at one end, usually lacunose, dorsal surface smooth, hilum ventral.
  • Cultivated seedlings (measured at ca node 10): cotyledons bilobed; stems rounded in cross-section, slightly warty, usually glaucous; leaves sessile, opposite for many pairs, orbicular to cordate, 1–6 cm long, 0.5–5.3 cm wide, base rounded to tapering, margin entire or subcrenulate, apex rounded to pointed, glaucous or grey-green. Flowering has been recorded in January, February and March.

Similar species

E. chapmaniana is distinguished from other common 3-budded species in the mountain forests, viz. E. globulus subsp. bicostata, E.dalrympleana, E. rubida and E. viminalis, by the rough bark over most of the trunk, smooth branches shedding bark in very long ribbons, and bluish green crown. It has the opposite, orbicular to ovate seedling leaves of E. rubida and E. dalympleana which further distinguish it from E. viminalis which is more likely to occur in valleys than on well-drained slopes preferred by E. chapmaniana. It differs from E. glaucescens in having more an obconical fruit with a conspicuous raised disc and exserted valves.

Taxonomy

Eucalyptus chapmaniana was named in 1947 after Brigadier Dr. Wilfrid Chapman (1891–1955), after he had drawn attention to its existence.[1]

Wilfrid (the son of Frederick Chapman, the eminent paleontologist[2]) had a long and distinguished career as a civil engineer and was a Fellow of the Institute of Engineers. He also had a keen interest in botany and was particularly interested in Eucalyptus species. He was an associate of the Royal Society of Victoria, was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Western Australia, and was also Commissioner and later the Chairman of the SECV. He was first to discover the tree which now bears his name on his numerous visits to the Kiewa power station which is situated near the Bogong high plains. A sample of the Bogong Snow Gum tree is planted in the Maranoa Gardens in Balwyn, Victoria and is identified by a plaque. His father Frederick was instrumental in setting up the Maranoa Gardens and is honoured at the entrance marked as the Chapman Gate.[3]

Eucalyptus chapmaniana belongs in Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Maidenaria, a large group of species more or less restricted to south-eastern Australia, characterized by bilobed cotyledons, simple axillary inflorescences, buds with two opercula, stamens with versatile anthers and flattened seeds with a ventral hilum. Within this section, E. chapmaniana, with 9 other species, forms series Orbiculares having orbicular to ovate juvenile leaves opposite for many nodes, a blue-green crown, buds in 3s. Series Orbiculares is confined to far south-eastern New South Wales, eastern Victoria and Tasmania.

References

  1. ↑ Ronald McNicoll, 'Chapman, Wilfrid Dinsey (1891 - 1955)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 13, Melbourne University Press, 1993, pp 404-405.
  2. ↑ Irene Crespin, 'Chapman, Frederick (1864 - 1943)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7, Melbourne University Press, 1979, p. 612
  3. ↑ Eucalink

External links

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