EtherNet/IP

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EtherNet/IP (Ethernet Industrial Protocol) is a communications protocol originally developed by Rockwell Automation, currently managed by the Open DeviceNet Vendors Association (ODVA) and designed for use in process control and other industrial automation applications.

Description

EtherNet/IP is an application layer protocol similar to SNMP, treating devices on the network as a series of "objects". It is an implementation of the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) over TCP/IP, compatible with ControlNet (CIP over a dedicated network) and DeviceNet (CIP over CAN bus) control systems.

EtherNet/IP uses Ethernet physical layer network infrastructure. It is built on the TCP/IP protocols, but the "IP" in EtherNet/IP stands for "Industrial Protocol", it is not an abbreviation for "Internet Protocol".

EtherNet/IP can be used in automation networks which can tolerate some amount of non-determinism. This is because Ethernet physical media might not have deterministic delays.

EtherNet/IP can be easily confused as a simple combination of Ethernet and the Internet Protocol. Instead, it is an industrial application layer protocol used for communication between industrial control systems and their components, such as a programmable automation controller, programmable logic controller or an I/O system.

History

EtherNet/IP was developed in the late 1990s by Rockwell Automation as part of Rockwell's industrial Ethernet networking solutions. Rockwell gave EtherNet/IP its moniker and handed it over to ODVA, which now manages the protocol and assures multi-vendor system interoperability by requiring adherence to established standards whenever new products that utilize the protocol are developed today.

EtherNet/IP is most commonly used in industrial automation control systems, such as for water processing plants, manufacturing facilities and utilities. Several control system vendors have developed programmable automation controllers and I/O capable of communicating via EtherNet/IP, including Rockwell Automation (Allen-Bradley), HARTING, Phoenix Contact, Opto 22, WAGO Corporation, Yaskawa, Keyence,[1] Omron,Schneider Electric and Molex.

Details

EtherNet/IP classifies Ethernet nodes as predefined device types with specific behaviors. Among other things, this enables:

  • Transfer of basic I/O data via User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based implicit messaging
  • Uploading and downloading of parameters, setpoints, programs and recipes via TCP (i.e., explicit messaging.)
  • Polled, cyclic and change-of-state monitoring via UDP, such as RPI and COS in Allen Bradley's ControlLogix control systems.
  • One-to-one (unicast), one-to-many (multicast), and one-to-all (broadcast) communication via IP.
  • EtherNet/IP makes use of well known TCP port number 44818 for explicit messaging and UDP port number 2222 for implicit messaging

The EtherNet/IP application layer protocol is based on the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) standard used in DeviceNet, CompoNet and ControlNet.

EtherNet/IP was promoted as an open technology, so it was suggested to publish the Level 2 source codes via sourceforge.net. However, in lieu of this, freeware source code was available to be downloaded from ODVA's website. At this point the ODVA requires that users be registered which means that a vendor ID is required and the code and the standard can no longer be considered free.

Security

On February 14, 2012, security researchers from Project Basecamp released Metasploit exploits targeting a flaw in the implementation of the EtherNet/IP (Industrial Protocol). The security hole, if left unaddressed, could enable a remote attacker to crash or unexpectedly reboot the devices, which are critical components of almost every industrial and critical infrastructure installation.[citation needed]

See also

  • Common Industrial Protocol
  • Fieldbus
  • Industrial Ethernet

References

  1. ↑ "Communication/ Network Unit". Retrieved 2013-12-11. 

External links

Automation protocols
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