Etheostoma
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Etheostoma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Gulf darter (E. swaini) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Percidae |
| Genus: | Etheostoma (Rafinesque, 1819)[1] |
Etheostoma is a diverse genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae. It contains more than 150 species. Most are restricted to the United States, but there are also species in Canada and Mexico. They are commonly known as darters although the term "darter" is shared by several other genera. Many can produce Schreckstoff substances[2] that serve to warn nearby fish in case of an attack.
Species
Snubnose darter, E. simoterum
- Sharphead darter, Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey, 1959.
- Coppercheek darter, Etheostoma aquali Williams & Etnier, 1978.
- Redspot darter, Etheostoma artesiae (Hay, 1881).
- Mud darter, Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes, 1878).
- Cumberland snubnose darter, Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan, 1877).
- Conchos darter, Etheostoma australe Jordan, 1889.
- Emerald darter, Etheostoma baileyi Page & Burr, 1982.
- Teardrop darter, Etheostoma barbouri Kuehne & Small, 1971.
- Splendid darter, Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page, 1982.
- Corrugated darter, Etheostoma basilare Page, Hardman & Near, 2003.
- Warrior darter, Etheostoma bellator Suttkus & Bailey, 1993.
- Orangefin darter, Etheostoma bellum Zorach, 1968.
- Buffalo darter, Etheostoma bison Ceas & Page, 1997.
- Greenside darter, Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque, 1819.
- Blenny darter, Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain, 1887.
- Slackwater darter, Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams, 1974.
- Holiday darter, Etheostoma brevirostrum Suttkus & Etnier, 1991.
- Brook darter, Etheostoma burri Ceas & Page, 1997.
- Rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum Storer, 1845.
- Bluebreast darter, Etheostoma camurum (Cope, 1870).
- Chickasaw darter, Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden, 2003.
- Vermilion darter, Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri, 1992.
- Relict darter, Etheostoma chienense Page & Ceas, 1992.
- Greenfin darter, Etheostoma chlorobranchium Zorach, 1972.
- Bluntnose darter, Etheostoma chlorosoma (Hay, 1881).
- Lipstick darter, Etheostoma chuckwachatte Mayden & Wood, 1993.
- Ashy darter, Etheostoma cinereum Storer, 1845.
- Creole darter, Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp, 1969.
- Carolina darter, Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Coastal darter, Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey, 1993.
- Coosa darter, Etheostoma coosae (Fowler, 1945).
- Crown darter, Etheostoma corona Page & Ceas, 1992.
- Arkansas darter, Etheostoma cragini Gilbert, 1885.
- Fringed darter, Etheostoma crossopterum Braasch & Mayden, 1985.
- Choctawhatchee darter, Etheostoma davisoni Hay, 1885.
- Golden darter, Etheostoma denoncourti Stauffer & van Snik, 1997.
- Stone darter, Etheostoma derivativum Page, Hardman & Near, 2003.
- Coldwater darter, Etheostoma ditrema Ramsey & Suttkus, 1965.
- Tuskaloossa darter, Etheostoma douglasi Wood & Mayden, 1993.
- Black darter, Etheostoma duryi Henshall, 1889.
- Brown darter, Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Cherry darter, Etheostoma etnieri Bouchard, 1977.
- Etowah darter, Etheostoma etowahae Wood & Mayden, 1993.
- Arkansas saddled darter, Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black, 1940).
- Iowa darter, Etheostoma exile (Girard, 1859).
- Fantail darter, Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque, 1819.
- Saffron darter, Etheostoma flavum Etnier & Bailey, 1989.
- Fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert, 1886).
- Barrens darter, Etheostoma forbesi Page & Ceas, 1992.
- Strawberry darter, Etheostoma fragi Distler, 1968.
- Savannah darter, Etheostoma fricksium Hildebrand, 1923.
- Swamp darter, Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard, 1854).
- Slough darter, Etheostoma gracile (Girard, 1859).
- Rio Grande darter, Etheostoma grahami (Girard, 1859).
- Tuckasegee darter, Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand, 1932).
- Harlequin darter, Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert, 1887.
- Christmas darter, Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler, 1945).
- Turquoise darter, Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton, 1878).
- Blueside darter, Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton, 1878).
- Greenbreast darter, Etheostoma jordani Gilbert, 1891.
- Yoke darter, Etheostoma juliae Meek, 1891.
- Kanawha darter, Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney, 1941).
- Highland Rim darter, Etheostoma kantuckeense Ceas & Page, 1997.
- Stripetail darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam, 1863).
- Tombigbee darter, Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey, 1994.
- Headwater darter, Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr, 2002.
- Greenthroat darter, Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard, 1853).
- Longfin darter, Etheostoma longimanum Jordan, 1888.
- Tufa darter, Etheostoma lugoi Norris & Minckley, 1997.
- Redband darter, Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain, 1887.
- Brighteye darter, Etheostoma lynceum Hay, 1885.
- Spotted darter, Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland, 1841.
- Pinewoods darter, Etheostoma mariae (Fowler, 1947).
- Redlips darter, Etheostoma maydeni Powers & Kuhajda, 2012.
- Smallscale darter, Etheostoma microlepidum Raney & Zorach, 1967.
- Least darter, Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert, 1888.
- Yellowcheek darter, Etheostoma moorei Raney & Suttkus, 1964.
- Lollipop darter, Etheostoma neopterum Howell & Dingerkus, 1978.
- Niangua darter, Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert & Meek, 1887.
- Blackfin darter, Etheostoma nigripinne Braasch & Mayden, 1985.
- Johnny darter, Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque, 1820.
- Watercress darter, Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell, 1965.
- Spangled darter, Etheostoma obama Mayden & Layman.
- Barcheek darter, Etheostoma obeyense Kirsch, 1892.
- Okaloosa darter, Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler, 1941).
- Sooty darter, Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page, 1979.
- Tessellated darter, Etheostoma olmstedi Storer, 1842.
- Guardian darter, Etheostoma oophylax Ceas & Page, 1992.
- Candy darter, Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs & Trautman, 1932).
- Paleback darter, Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf, 1962.
- Goldstripe darter, Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain, 1887.
- Duskytail darter, Etheostoma percnurum Jenkins, 1994.
- Waccamaw darter, Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney, 1946).
- Rush darter, Etheostoma phytophilum Bart & Taylor, 1999.
- Riverweed darter, Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins, 1889.
- Chihuahua darter, Etheostoma pottsii (Girard, 1859).
- Cypress darter, Etheostoma proeliare (Hay, 1881).
- Egg-mimic darter, Etheostoma pseudovulatum Page & Ceas, 1992.
- Stippled darter, Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz, 1854).
- Firebelly darter, Etheostoma pyrrhogaster Bailey & Etnier, 1988.
- Orangebelly darter, Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black, 1941).
- Kentucky darter, Etheostoma rafinesquei Burr & Page, 1982.
- Alabama darter, Etheostoma ramseyi Suttkus & Bailey, 1994.
- Yazoo darter, Etheostoma raneyi Suttkus & Bart, 1994.
- Bayou darter, Etheostoma rubrum Raney & Suttkus, 1966.
- Redline darter, Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope, 1870).
- Rock darter, Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain, 1887.
- Arrow darter, Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain, 1883).
- Saluda darter, Etheostoma saludae (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Bloodfin darter, Etheostoma sanguifluum (Cope, 1870).
- Cherokee darter, Etheostoma scotti Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead, 1995.
- Río Salado darter, Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley, 1997.
- Maryland darter, Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh, 1913).
- Etheostoma sequatchiense Burr, 1979.
- Sawcheek darter, Etheostoma serrifer (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Snubnose darter, Etheostoma simoterum (Cope, 1868).
- Slabrock darter, Etheostoma smithi Page & Braasch, 1976.
- Orangethroat darter, Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz, 1854).
- Spottail darter, Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan, 1877.
- Speckled darter, Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan, 1877).
- Striated darter, Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch, 1977.
- Cumberland darter, Etheostoma susanae (Jordan & Swain, 1883).
- Gulf darter, Etheostoma swaini (Jordan, 1884).
- Swannanoa darter, Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan & Evermann, 1889.
- Tallapoosa darter, Etheostoma tallapoosae Suttkus & Etnier, 1991.
- Shawnee darter, Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page, 1997.
- Missouri saddled darter, Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black, 1940).
- Seagreen darter, Etheostoma thalassinum (Jordan & Brayton, 1878).
- Tippecanoe darter, Etheostoma tippecanoe Jordan & Evermann, 1890.
- Trispot darter, Etheostoma trisella Bailey & Richards, 1963.
- Tuscumbia darter, Etheostoma tuscumbia Gilbert & Swain, 1887.
- Current darter, Etheostoma uniporum Distler, 1968.
- Variegate darter, Etheostoma variatum Kirtland, 1838.
- Striped darter, Etheostoma virgatum (Jordan, 1880).
- Glassy darter, Etheostoma vitreum (Cope, 1870).
- Wounded darter, Etheostoma vulneratum (Cope, 1870).
- Boulder darter, Etheostoma wapiti Etnier & Williams, 1989.
- Redfin darter, Etheostoma whipplei (Girard, 1859).
- Banded darter, Etheostoma zonale (Cope, 1868).
- Backwater darter, Etheostoma zonifer (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Bandfin darter, Etheostoma zonistium Bailey & Etnier, 1988.
References
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- ↑ Research.Calacademy.org
- ↑ Smith, R. J. F. (1992). Alarm signals in fishes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 2:33-63.
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