Ethanol (data page)

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Ethanol (data page)


Systematic name Ethanol^[1]
Other names Absolute alcohol Alcohol Drinking alcohol Ethyl alcohol Ethyl hydrate Ethyl hydroxide Ethylic alcohol Ethylol Grain alcohol Hydroxyethane Methylcarbinol
Identifiers
CAS number	64-17-5^Y
PubChem	702
ChemSpider	682^Y
UNII	3K9958V90M^Y
EC number	200-578-6
UN number	1170
DrugBank	DB00898
KEGG	D00068^Y
MeSH	Ethanol
ChEBI	CHEBI:16236^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL545^Y
RTECS number	KQ6300000
ATC code	D01AE06,D08AX08, V03AB16, V03AZ01
Beilstein Reference	1718733
Gmelin Reference	787
3DMet	B01253
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES CCO
InChI InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3^Y Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYAB
Properties
Molecular formula	C₂H₆O
Molar mass	46.07 g mol⁻¹
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	0.789 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
Melting point	−114 °C; −173 °F; 159 K
Boiling point	78.37 °C; 173.07 °F; 351.52 K
log P	-0.18
Vapor pressure	5.95 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pK_a)	15.9^[2]
Basicity (pK_b)	-1.9
Refractive index (n_D)	1.361
Viscosity	0.0012 Pa s (at 20 °C), 0.001074 Pa s (at 25 °C)^[3]
Dipole moment	1.69 D^[4]
Pharmacology
Routes of administration	Intramuscular Intravenous Oral Topical
Metabolism	Hepatic
Hazards
EU Index	603-002-00-5
EU classification	F
R-phrases	R11
S-phrases	(S2), S7, S16
NFPA 704	3 2 0
Flash point	13–14 °C
Autoignition temperature	363 °C^[5]
LD₅₀	5628 mg kg⁻¹ (oral, rat)
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

This page provides supplementary chemical data on ethanol. Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.

Structure and properties

Index of refraction, n₂₅

1.361

Dielectric constant, ε_r

24.3 ε₀ at 25 °C

Bond strength

Bond length

Bond angle

Magnetic susceptibility^[6]

5.8·10⁻⁷ (cgs units, volume)

Surface tension

22.39 dyn/cm at 25 °C

Viscosity^[7]

6.285 mPa·s	at –50 °C
4.656 mPa·s	at –40 °C
3.530 mPa·s	at –30 °C
2.731 mPa·s	at –20 °C
2.419 mPa·s	at –15 °C
2.151 mPa·s	at –10 °C
1.920 mPa·s	at –5 °C
1.720 mPa·s	at 0 °C
1.546 mPa·s	at 5 °C
1.394 mPa·s	at 10 °C
1.261 mPa·s	at 15 °C
1.144 mPa·s	at 20 °C
1.040 mPa·s	at 25 °C
0.949 mPa·s	at 30 °C
0.794 mPa·s	at 40 °C
0.670 mPa·s	at 50 °C
0.570 mPa·s	at 60 °C
0.487 mPa·s	at 70 °C
0.452 mPa·s	at 75 °C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point	150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa
Critical point	514 K (241 °C), 63 bar
Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ_fusH^o	+4.9 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of fusion, Δ_fusS^o	+31 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ_vapH^o	+38.56 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ_vapS^o	109.67 J/(mol·K)
Molal freezing point constant	–1.99 °C kg/mol
Molal boiling point constant	1.19 °C kg/mol
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_solid	–277.7 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_solid	160.7 J/(mol K)^[8]
Heat capacity, c_p	111.46 J/(mol K) ^[8]
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_liquid	−277.38 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_liquid	159.9 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, Δ_cH^o	–1370.7 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, c_p	112.4 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_gas	−235.3 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_gas	283 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,^[9]^[10] c_p	78.28 J/(mol K) at 90 °C 87.53 J/(mol K) at 110-220 °C
Heat capacity ratio,^[9]^[10] γ = c_p/c_v	1.13 at 90 °C
van der Waals' constants^[11]	a = 1217.9 L² kPa/mol² b = 0.08407 liter per mole

Spectral data

UV-Vis

λ_max

? nm

Extinction coefficient, ε

Major absorption bands^[12]

Wave number	transmittance
(liquid film)
880 cm⁻¹	22%
1048 cm⁻¹	6%
1089 cm⁻¹	19%
1275 cm⁻¹	52%
1329 cm⁻¹	44%
1384 cm⁻¹	32%
1418 cm⁻¹	33%
1650 cm⁻¹	26%
1926 cm⁻¹	62%
2899 cm⁻¹	12%
2930 cm⁻¹	13%
2977 cm⁻¹	4%

NMR

Proton NMR

Carbon-13 NMR

http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/IMG.cgi?fname=CDS00245&imgdir=cdsW;

Other NMR data

Masses of
main fragments

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg	1	10	40	100	400	760	1520	3800	7600	15200	30400	45600
P in Pa	133.3	1333	5333	13332	53329	101325	202650	506625	1013250	2026500	4053000	6079501
T in °C	–31.3	–2.3	19.0	34.9	63.5	78.4	97.5	126.0	151.8	183.0	218.0	242.0
T in K	241.85	270.85	292.15	308.05	336.65	351.55	370.65	399.15	424.95	456.15	491.15	515.15

Ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: $\scriptstyle P_{{mmHg}}=10^{{8.04494-{\frac {1554.3}{222.65+T}}}}$ from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed.

Log₁₀ of ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: $\scriptstyle \log _{{10}}{P_{{mmHg}}}=8.04494-{\frac {1554.3}{222.65+T}}$

Density of ethanol at various temperatures (kg/l or g/cm³)

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed.

3 °C	0.80374	16 °C	0.79283	29 °C	0.78182
4 °C	0.80290	17 °C	0.79198	30 °C	0.78097
5 °C	0.80207	18 °C	0.79114	31 °C	0.78012
6 °C	0.80123	19 °C	0.79029	32 °C	0.77927
7 °C	0.80039	20 °C	0.78945	33 °C	0.77841
8 °C	0.79956	21 °C	0.78860	34 °C	0.77756
9 °C	0.79872	22 °C	0.78775	35 °C	0.77671
10 °C	0.79788	23 °C	0.78691	36 °C	0.77585
11 °C	0.79704	24 °C	0.78606	37 °C	0.77500
12 °C	0.79620	25 °C	0.78522	38 °C	0.77414
		39 °C	0.77329	40 °C	0.77244

These data correlate as Density (g/cm³) = -8.461834E-4 T( °C) + 0.8063372 with an R² coefficient of determination of 0.99999.

Properties of aqueous ethanol solutions

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. The annotation, d a °C/b °C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b.

% wt ethanol	% vol ethanol	grams ethanol per 100 cc 15.56 °C	d 10 °C/4 °C	d 20 °C/4 °C	d 25 °C/4 °C	d 30 °C/4 °C	d 20 °C/20 °C	d 25 °C/25 °C	freezing temp.
0.0	0.0	0.0	0.99973	0.99823	0.99708	0.99568	1.00000	1.00000	0 °C
1.0			0.99785	0.99636	0.99520	0.99379	0.99813	0.99811
2.0			0.99602	0.99453	0.99336	0.99194	0.99629	0.99627
2.5	3.13			0.99363					–1 °C
3.0			0.99426	0.99275	0.99157	0.99014	0.99451	0.99447
4.0	5.00	3.97	0.99258	0.99103	0.98984	0.98839	0.99279	0.99274
4.8	6.00	4.76		0.98971					–2 °C
5.0			0.99098	0.98938	0.98817	0.98670	0.99113	0.99106
5.05	6.30	5.00		0.98930
6.0			0.98946	0.98780	0.98656	0.98507	0.98955	0.98945
6.8	8.47			0.98658					–3 °C
7.0			0.98801	0.98627	0.98500	0.98347	0.98802	0.98788
8.0			0.98660	0.98478	0.98346	0.98189	0.98653	0.98634
9.0			0.98524	0.98331	0.98193	0.98031	0.98505	0.98481
10.0	12.40	9.84	0.98393	0.98187	0.98043	0.97575	0.98361	0.98330
11.0			0.98267	0.98047	0.97897	0.97723	0.98221	0.98184
11.3	14.0	11.11		0.98006					–5 °C
12.0			0.98145	0.97910	0.97753	0.97573	0.98084	0.98039
13.0			0.98026	0.97775	0.97611	0.97424	0.97948	0.97897
13.78	17.00	13.49							–6.1 °C
14.0			0.97911	0.97643	0.97472	0.97278	0.97816	0.97757
15.0			0.97800	0.97514	0.97334	0.97133	0.97687	0.97619
15.02	18.50	14.68		0.97511
16.0			0.97692	0.97387	0.97199	0.96990	0.97560	0.97484
16.4	20.2			0.97336					–7.5 °C
17.0			0.97583	0.97259	0.97062	0.96844	0.97431	0.97346
17.5	21.5			0.97194					–8.7 °C
18.0	22.10	17.54	0.97473	0.97129	0.96923	0.96697	0.97301	0.97207
18.8	23.1			0.97024					–9.4 °C
19.0			0.97363	0.96997	0.96782	0.96547	0.97169	0.97065
20.0			0.97252	0.96864	0.96639	0.96395	0.97036	0.96922
20.01	24.50	19.44		0.96863
20.3	24.8			0.96823					–10.6 °C
21.0			0.97139	0.96729	0.96495	0.96242	0.96901	0.96778
22.0			0.97024	0.96592	0.96348	0.96087	0.96763	0.96630
22.11	27.00	21.43		0.96578					–12.2 °C
23.0			0.96907	0.96453	0.96199	0.95929	0.96624	0.96481
24.0			0.96787	0.96312	0.96048	0.95769	0.96483	0.96329
24.2	29.5			0.96283					–14.0 °C
25.0	30.40	24.12	0.96665	0.96168	0.95895	0.95607	0.96339	0.96176
26.0			0.96539	0.96020	0.95738	0.95422	0.96190	0.96018
26.7	32.4			0.95914					–16.0 °C
27.0			0.96406	0.95867	0.95576	0.95272	0.96037	0.95856
28.0	33.90	26.90	0.96268	0.95710	0.95410	0.95098	0.95880	0.95689
29.0			0.96125	0.95548	0.95241	0.94922	0.95717	0.95520
29.9	36.1			0.95400					–18.9 °C
30.0	36.20	28.73	0.95977	0.95382	0.95067	0.94741	0.95551	0.95345
31.0			0.95823	0.95212	0.94890	0.94557	0.95381	0.95168
32.0			0.95665	0.95038	0.94709	0.94370	0.95207	0.94986
33.0			0.95502	0.94860	0.94525	0.94180	0.95028	0.94802
33.8	40.5			0.94715					–23.6 °C
34.0			0.95334	0.94679	0.94337	0.93986	0.94847	0.94613
35.0			0.95162	0.94494	0.94146	0.93790	0.94662	0.94422
35.04	41.90	33.25		0.94486
36.0			0.94986	0.94306	0.93952	0.93591	0.94473	0.94227
37.0			0.94805	0.94114	0.93756	0.93390	0.94281	0.94031
38.0			0.94620	0.93919	0.93556	0.93186	0.94086	0.93830
39.0	46.3		0.94431	0.93720	0.93353	0.92979	0.93886	0.93626	–28.7 °C
40.0			0.94238	0.93518	0.93148	0.92770	0.93684	0.93421
40.04	47.40	37.61		0.93510
41.0			0.94042	0.93314	0.92940	0.92558	0.93479	0.93212
42.0			0.93842	0.93107	0.92729	0.92344	0.93272	0.93001
43.0			0.93639	0.92897	0.92516	0.92128	0.93062	0.92787
44.0			0.93433	0.92685	0.92301	0.91910	0.92849	0.92571
45.0			0.93226	0.92472	0.92085	0.91692	0.92636	0.92355
45.31	53.00	42.07		0.92406
46.0			0.93017	0.92257	0.91868	0.91472	0.92421	0.92137
46.3	53.8			0.92193					–33.9 °C
47.0			0.92806	0.92041	0.91649	0.91250	0.92204	0.91917
48.0			0.92593	0.91823	0.91429	0.91028	0.91986	0.91697
49.0			0.92379	0.91604	0.91208	0.90805	0.91766	0.91475
50.0			0.92162	0.91384	0.90985	0.90580	0.91546	0.91251
50.16	58.0	46.04		0.91349
51.0			0.91943	0.91160	0.90760	0.90353	0.91322	0.91026
52.0			0.91723	0.90936	0.90524	0.90125	0.91097	0.90799
53.0			0.91502	0.90711	0.90307	0.89896	0.90872	0.90571
54.0			0.91279	0.90485	0.90079	0.89667	0.90645	0.90343
55.0			0.91055	0.90258	0.89850	0.89437	0.90418	0.90113
55.16	63.0	50.00		0.90220
56.0			0.90831	0.90031	0.89621	0.89206	0.90191	0.89833
56.1	63.6			0.90008					–41.0 °C
57.0			0.90607	0.89803	0.89392	0.88975	0.89962	0.89654
58.0			0.90381	0.89574	0.89162	0.88744	0.89733	0.89423
59.0			0.90154	0.89344	0.88931	0.88512	0.89502	0.89191
60.0			0.89927	0.89113	0.88699	0.88278	0.89271	0.88959
60.33	68.0	53.98		0.89038
61.0			0.89898	0.88882	0.88466	0.88044	0.89040	0.88725
62.0			0.89468	0.88650	0.88233	0.87809	0.88807	0.88491
63.0			0.89237	0.88417	0.87998	0.87574	0.88574	0.88256
64.0			0.89006	0.88183	0.87763	0.87337	0.88339	0.88020
65.0			0.88774	0.87948	0.87527	0.87100	0.88104	0.87783
66.0			0.88541	0.87713	0.87291	0.86863	0.87869	0.87547
67.0			0.88308	0.87477	0.87054	0.86625	0.87632	0.87309
68.0			0.88071	0.87241	0.86817	0.86387	0.87396	0.87071
69.0			0.87839	0.87004	0.86579	0.86148	0.87158	0.86833
70.0			0.87602	0.86766	0.86340	0.85908	0.86920	0.86593
71.0			0.87365	0.86527	0.86100	0.85667	0.86680	0.86352
71.9	78.3			0.86311					–51.3 °C
72.0			0.87127	0.86287	0.85859	0.85426	0.86440	0.86110
73.0			0.86888	0.86047	0.85618	0.85184	0.86200	0.85869
74.0			0.86648	0.85806	0.85376	0.84941	0.85958	0.85626
75.0			0.86408	0.85564	0.85135	0.84698	0.85716	0.85383
76.0			0.86168	0.85322	0.84891	0.84455	0.85473	0.85140
77.0			0.85927	0.85079	0.84647	0.84211	0.85230	0.84895
78.0			0.85685	0.84835	0.84403	0.83966	0.84985	0.84650
79.0			0.85422	0.84590	0.84158	0.83720	0.84740	0.84404
80.0			0.85197	0.84344	0.83911	0.83473	0.84494	0.84157
81.0			0.84950	0.84096	0.83664	0.83224	0.84245	0.83909
82.0			0.84702	0.83848	0.83415	0.82974	0.83997	0.83659
83.0			0.84453	0.83599	0.83164	0.82724	0.83747	0.83408
84.0			0.84203	0.83348	0.82913	0.82473	0.83496	0.83156
85.0			0.83951	0.83095	0.82660	0.82220	0.83242	0.82902
86.0			0.83697	0.82840	0.82405	0.81965	0.82987	0.82646
87.0			0.83441	0.82554	0.82148	0.81708	0.82729	0.82389
88.0			0.83181	0.82323	0.81888	0.81448	0.82469	0.82128
89.0			0.82919	0.82062	0.81626	0.81186	0.82207	0.81865
90.0			0.82654	0.81797	0.81362	0.80922	0.81942	0.81600
91.00	94.00	74.62	0.82386	0.81529	0.81094	0.80655	0.81674	0.81331
92.0			0.82114	0.81257	0.80823	0.80384	0.81401	0.81060
93.0			0.81839	0.80983	0.80549	0.80111	0.81127	0.80785
94.0			0.81561	0.80705	0.80272	0.79835	0.80848	0.80507
95.0			0.81278	0.80424	0.79991	0.79555	0.80567	0.80225
96.0			0.80991	0.80138	0.79706	0.79271	0.80280	0.79939
97.0			0.80698	0.79846	0.79415	0.78981	0.79988	0.79648
98.0			0.80399	0.79547	0.79117	0.78684	0.79688	0.79349
99.0			0.80094	0.79243	0.78814	0.78382	0.79383	0.79045
100.0	100.0	79.39	0.79784	0.78934	0.78506	0.78075	0.79074	0.78736	−114.3 °C
% wt ethanol	% vol ethanol	grams ethanol per 100 cc 15.56 °C	d 10 °C/4 °C	d 20 °C/4 °C	d 25 °C/4 °C	d 30 °C/4 °C	d 20 °C/20 °C	d 25 °C/25 °C	freezing temp.

Boiling points of aqueous solutions

Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry 44th ed., p2391

BP °C	Weight % ethanol		BP °C	Weight % ethanol
BP °C	liquid	vapor	BP °C	liquid	vapor
78.1	95.5^‡	95.5^‡
78.2	91	92	86.5	18	71
78.4	85	89	87.0	17	70
78.6	82	88	87.5	16	69
78.8	80	87	88.0	15	68
79.0	78	86	88.5	13	67
79.2	76	85	89.0	12	65
79.4	74	85	89.5	11	63
79.6	72	84	90.0	10	61
79.8	69	84	90.5	10	59
80.0	67	83	91.0	9	57
80.2	64	83	91.5	8	55
80.4	62	82	92.0	8	53
80.6	59	82	92.5	7	51
80.8	56	81	93.0	6	49
81.0	53	81	93.5	6	46
81.2	50	80	94.0	5	44
81.4	47	80	94.5	5	42
81.6	45	80	95.0	4	39
81.8	43	79	95.5	4	36
82.0	41	79	96.0	3	33
82.5	36	78	96.5	3	30
83.0	33	78	97.0	2	27
83.5	30	77	97.5	2	23
84.0	27	77	98.0	1	19
84.5	25	75	98.5	1	15
85.0	23	74	99.0	< 1	10
85.5	21	73	99.5	< 1	5
86.0	20	72	100.0	0	0

^‡Azeotropic mixture

References

↑ "Ethanol – Compound Summary". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
↑ Ballinger, P.; Long, F. A. (1960). Journal of the American Chemical Society 82 (4): 795. doi:10.1021/ja01489a008.
↑ Lide, David R., ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92 ed.). Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis. pp. 6–232.
↑ Lide, David R., ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (89 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 9–55.
↑ "Fuels and Chemicals – Autoignition Temperatures". engineeringtoolbox.com
↑ NMR-002: Sample Devices and Magnetic Susceptibility
↑ "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
↑ 8.0 8.1 Atkins, Peter (2010). Atkins' Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press. pp. 913–947.
↑ 9.0 9.1 Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1525-1528
↑ 10.0 10.1 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. pp 2582-2584
↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1522-1524
↑ "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds" (Queriable database). Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Retrieved 9 June 2007.

Linstrom, P.J.; Mallard, W.G. (eds.) NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD. http://webbook.nist.gov

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