Erythrovirus
| Eryhtrovirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group II (ssDNA) |
| Order: | Unassigned |
| Family: | Parvoviridae |
| Subfamily: | Parvovirinae |
| Genus: | Erythrovirus |
| Type species | |
| Parvovirus B19 | |
| Species | |
|
Human parvovirus B19[1] | |
Erythrovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Parvoviridae. The type species is parvovirus B19.
Virology
Erythroviruses are small (diameter 18-26 nanometers), non-enveloped icosahedral viruses. The capsid has a T = 1 symmetry and consists of 60 copies of coat protein.
The viral capsid binds to a receptor known as the P antigen, a globoside which is present not only on erythroblasts but also on megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, synovium, trophoblast, fetal liver and heart muscle. Replication is limited to erythroblasts: the reason for this tissue trophism remains unclear.
The genome is a linear, single-stranded DNA 4-6 kilobases in length with terminal hairpin structures at both ends. It is replicated through a unique rolling hairpin mechanism.
The genome encodes three major proteins VP1 and VP2, the viral capsid proteins, and NS1. VP1 and 2 are derived from overlapping reading frames and share substantial amino acid sequences. NS1 is involved in viral replication and the activation of viral gene transcription. It has DNA binding, ATPase, helicase and nuclease activity.
Taxonomy
As well as the four recognised species in this genus there also two tentative members;
Bovine parvovirus type 3[4]
Chipmunk parvovirus[5]
The species Chimpmunk parvovirus currently placed in the Erythovirus genus probably belongs in a separate genus.[6]
References
- ↑ Cossart YE, Field AM, Cant B, Widdows D (1975) Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. Lancet 1 (7898): 72–73
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Green SW, Malkovska I, O'Sullivan MG, Brown KE (2000) Rhesus and pig-tailed macaque parvoviruses: identification of two new members of the erythrovirus genus in monkeys. Virology 269(1):105-112
- ↑ Brown KE, Green SW, O'Sullivan MG, Young NS (1995) Cloning and sequencing of the simian parvovirus genome. Virology 210(2):314-322
- ↑ Allander T, Emerson SU, Engle RE, Purcell RH, Bukh J (2001) A virus discovery method incorporating DNase treatment and its application to the identification of two bovine parvovirus species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(20):11609-11614
- ↑ Yoo BC, Lee DH, Park SM, Park JW, Kim CY, Lee HS, Seo JS, Park KJ, Ryu WS (1999) A novel parvovirus isolated from Manchurian chipmunks. Virology 253(2):250-258
- ↑ Chen Z, Chen AY, Cheng F, Qiu J (2010) Chipmunk parvovirus is distinct from members in the genus Erythrovirus of the family Parvoviridae. PLoS One 5(12):e15113.