Eriocaulon

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Eriocaulon
Eriocaulon nudicuspe
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Eriocaulaceae
Genus: Eriocaulon
L.
Species

See text.

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Wikispecies has information related to: Eriocaulon
Eriocaulon decangulare
Eriocaulon heterolepis
Eriocaulon madayiparense type specimen

Eriocaulon is a genus of about 400 species commonly known as pipeworts, of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Eriocaulaceae. The genus is widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical regions, particularly southern Asia and the Americas. A few species extend to temperate regions, with ca. 10 species in the United States, mostly in the southern states from California to Florida, and only two species in Canada; China has 35 species, also mostly southern. Only one species (E. aquaticum) occurs in Europe, where it is confined to the Atlantic Ocean coasts of Scotland and Ireland;[1] this species also occurs in eastern North America and is thought to be a relatively recent natural colonist in Europe. In the Americas, Eriocaulon is the only genus in its family that occurs north of Florida.[2] They tend to be associated with wet soils, many growing in shallow water, in wetlands, or in wet savannas like flatwoods. In wet soils, their abundance appears to be related to water levels, fire frequency, and competition from other plants such as grasses. Experiments have shown that they are weak competitors compared to many other wetland plant species.[3] Some species can persist as buried seeds during unfavorable conditions.[4] The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek εριον, erion, meaning 'wool', and καυλός, caulos, meaning 'stalk'.[5]

The species are mostly herbaceous perennial plants, though some are annual plants; they resemble plants in the related families Cyperaceae (sedges) and Juncaceae (rushes), and like them, have rather small, wind-pollinated flowers.

Selected species

Names were sourced from official sources including: the Flora of North America,[6] the Flora of China,[7] currently accepted Australian taxa from the Australian Plant Name Index,[8] etc..

  • Eriocaulon acutibracteatum
  • Eriocaulon alpestre
  • Eriocaulon aloefolium R.J.Davies – Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon angustulum
  • Eriocaulon aquaticum
  • Eriocaulon athertonense G.J.Leach – Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon atrum
  • Eriocaulon australasicum (F.Muell.) Korn. – SA, NSW, Vic, Australia
  • Eriocaulon australe R.Br. – Cambodia, China, W Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, NT, Qld, NSW, Australia, Pacific Islands
  • Eriocaulon benthamii
  • Eriocaulon bifistulosum Van Heurck & Mull.Arg. – Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon brownianum
  • Eriocaulon buergerianum
  • Eriocaulon carpentariae G.J.Leach – NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon carsonii F.Muell. – SA, Qld, NSW, Australia
    • subsp. carsonii – SA, Qld, NSW, Australia
    • subsp. euloense R.J.Davies – Qld, Australia
    • subsp. orientale R.J.Davies – Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon chinorossicum
  • Eriocaulon cinereum R.Br. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon clarksonii G.J.Leach – Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon compressum
  • Eriocaulon concretum F.Muell. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon decangulare
  • Eriocaulon decemflorum
  • Eriocaulon depressum R.Br. ex Sm. – NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon echinulatum
  • Eriocaulon ermeiense
  • Eriocaulon exsertum
  • Eriocaulon faberi
  • Eriocaulon fistulosum R.Br. ex Sm. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon giganticum R.J.Davies – Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon glabripetalum
  • Eriocaulon henryanum
  • Eriocaulon inapertum G.J.Leach – WA, NT, Australia
  • Eriocaulon kathmanduense
  • Eriocaulon koernickianum
  • Eriocaulon kunmingense
  • Eriocaulon leianthum
  • Eriocaulon lineare
  • Eriocaulon lividum F.Muell. – Australia
  • Eriocaulon longifolium
  • Eriocaulon luzulifolium
  • Eriocaulon madayiparense[9]
  • Eriocaulon mangshanense
  • Eriocaulon microcephalum
  • Eriocaulon minusculum
  • Eriocaulon miquelianum
  • Eriocaulon monoscapum F.Muell. – NT, Australia
  • Eriocaulon nanum R.Br. – Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon nantoense
  • Eriocaulon nematophyllum G.J.Leach – NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon nepalense
  • Eriocaulon nigrobracteatum
  • Eriocaulon obclavatum
  • Eriocaulon odontospermum G.J.Leach – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon oryzetorum
  • Eriocaulon pallidum R.Br. – Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon parkeri
  • Eriocaulon parvum
  • Eriocaulon patericola G.J.Leach – WA, NT, Australia
  • Eriocaulon pusillum Sol. ex R.Br. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon pygmaeum Sol. ex Sm. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon quinquangulare
  • Eriocaulon ravenelii
  • Eriocaulon robustius
  • Eriocaulon rockianum
  • Eriocaulon scariosum Sm. – Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic., Australia
    Eriocaulon scariosum
  • Eriocaulon schochianum
  • Eriocaulon schultzii Benth. – NT, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sclerophyllum
  • Eriocaulon scullionii G.J.Leach – WA, NT, Australia
  • Eriocaulon setaceum L. – Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sexangulare
  • Eriocaulon sollyanum
  • Eriocaulon spectabile F.Muell. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon staintonii
  • Eriocaulon taishanense
  • Eriocaulon texense
  • Eriocaulon tonkinense
  • Eriocaulon tortuosum F.Muell. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon tricornum G.J.Leach – NT, Australia
  • Eriocaulon trisectoides
  • Eriocaulon truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart. – Qld, Australia, Asia
  • Eriocaulon viride
  • Eriocaulon willdenovianum Moldenke – NT, Qld, Australia
  • Eriocaulon xeranthemum
  • Eriocaulon zollingerianum Koern. – China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, NT, Qld, Australia
Species accepted by the authoritative Australian Plant Census, informally named, described and published awaiting formal publication
  • Eriocaulon sp. C Kimberley Flora (G.J.Keighery 4610) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sp. E Kimberley Flora (A.S.George 12635) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sp. G Kimberley Flora (K.F.Kenneally 11374E) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sp. Harding Range (M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett MDB 1826) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sp. Theda (M.D.Barrett MDB 2063) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia

References

  1. ↑ Sculthorpe, C. D. The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Edward Arnold. London. 1967. Reprinted 1985. Figure 11.6.
  2. ↑ Kral, Robert (1966), "Eriocaulaceae of continental North America north of Mexico", Sida 2: 285–332 
  3. ↑ Wilson, S. D. and P. A. Keddy. 1986. Species competitive ability and position along a natural stress/disturbance gradient. Ecology 67:1236-1242.
  4. ↑ Keddy, P. A. and A. A. Reznicek. 1982. The role of seed banks in the persistence of Ontario's coastal plain flora. American Journal of Botany 69:13-22.
  5. ↑ Kral, Robert (2006), "Eriocaulon", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+, Flora of North America 22, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press 
  6. ↑ "Eriocaulon". Flora of North America. Retrieved 20 June 2013. 
  7. ↑ "Eriocaulon". Flora of China. Retrieved 20 June 2013. 
  8. ↑ "Eriocaulon%". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database (listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 20 June 2013. 
  9. ↑ Eriocaulon madayiparense.
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