Epipremnum aureum

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Epipremnum aureum
Epipremnum aureum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Subfamily: Monsteroideae
Tribe: Monstereae
Genus: Epipremnum
Species: E. aureum
Binomial name
Epipremnum aureum
(L.) Engl.
Synonyms

Numerous, see text

Variegated cultivar of E. aureum
Epipremnum aureum overgrowing Udawattakele Forest

Epipremnum aureum is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, with a broad native Old World distribution. Native range extends from Northern Australia through Malesia and Indochina into China, Japan and India. The species has become naturalised in tropical and sub-tropical forests worldwide, where it has caused severe ecological damage in some cases (see below). The plant has a multitude of common names including Australian native monstera, centipede tongavine, devil's ivy, golden pothos, hunter's robe, ivy arum, money plant, silver vine, Solomon Islands ivy and taro vine. It is sometimes mistakenly labeled as a Philodendron in plant stores.

E. aureum is an evergreen vine growing to 20 m (66 ft) tall, with stems up to 4 cm (2 in) in diameter, climbing by means of aerial roots which adhere to surfaces. The leaves are alternate, heart-shaped, entire on juvenile plants, but irregularly pinnatifid on mature plants, up to 100 cm (39 in) long and 45 cm (18 in) broad (juvenile leaves much smaller, typically under 20 cm (8 in) long). The flowers are produced in a spathe up to 23 cm (9 in) long. This plant produces trailing stems when it climbs up trees and these take root when they reach the ground and grow along it. The leaves on these trailing stems grow up to 10 cm (4 in) long and are the ones normally seen on this plant when it is cultivated as a pot plant.

Cultivation and uses

In temperate regions it is a popular houseplant with numerous cultivars selected for leaves with white, yellow, or light green variegation. It is often used in decorative displays in shopping centers, offices, and other public locations largely because it requires little care and is also attractively leafy. It is also efficient at removing indoor pollutants such as formaldehyde, xylene, and benzene.[1] A study found that this effect lessened the higher the molecular weight of the polluting substance.[2] As a houseplant it can reach a height of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) or more, given suitable support. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3]

The plant is sometimes used in aquariums, placed on top of the aquarium and allowed to grow roots in the water. This is beneficial to the plant and the aquarium as it absorbs many nitrates and uses them for growth.

Toxicity

The plant is listed as "toxic to cats, toxic to dogs" by the ASPCA, because of the presence of insoluble raphides. Care should be taken to ensure the plant is not consumed by house pets or children. Symptoms may include oral irritation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing.[4]

Invasive Species

E. aureum can become a highly invasive species when introduced into tropical countries where it is not native. In Sri Lanka it overgrows several hectares of the Udawatta Kele Sanctuary in Kandy.[5] Having no natural enemies, it completely overgrows the forest floor as well as the trunks of trees, causing severe ecological disruption.

It also invades the Kurulukele Forest Reserve in Kegalla and other places where it has been planted as a decorative plant, or to hold steep banks along roads. It is on the USDA list for Florida Exotic Pest Control Council list 1999 as an invasive species.,[6]

Synonyms

  • Epipremnum pinnatum cv. aureum Nicolson
  • Epipremnum angustilobum K.Krause
  • Epipremnum elegans Engl.
  • Epipremnum glaucicephalum Elmer
  • Epipremnum merrillii Engl.
  • Epipremnum mirable Schott
  • Epipremnum pinnatum f. eporforatum (Engl.) Engl.
  • Epipremnum pinnatum f. multisectum (Engl.) Engl.
  • Monstera pinnata (L.) Schott
  • Philodendron nechodomae Britton
  • Polypodium laciniatum Burm f.
  • Pothos aureus Linden & André
  • Pothos pinnatus L.
  • Rhaphidophora cunninghamii Schott
  • Rhaphidophora laciniata (Burm. f.) Merr.
  • Rhaphidophora lovellae F.M.Bailey
  • Rhaphidophora merrillii Engl.
  • Rhaphidophora pertusa var.vitiensis (Schott)Engl.
  • Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schott
  • Rhaphidophora pinnata (Schott)
  • Rhaphidophora vitiensis Schott
  • Scindapsus aureus (Linden & André) Engl.
  • Scindapsus pinnatus Schott

See also

  • Jade plant (also referred to as "money tree")
  • Annual honesty (also referred to as "money plant")

References

  1. ↑ Wolverton, B. C. How To Grow Fresh Air, Penguin Books, New York, 1997.
  2. ↑ Ayako Sawada, Takashi Oyabu, Purification characteristics of pothos for airborne chemicals in growing conditions and its evaluation, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 42, Issue 3, January 2008, Pages 594-602, ISSN 1352-2310, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.028.
  3. ↑ "Epipremnum aureum ". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 25 July 2013. 
  4. ↑ "Devils Ivy". ASPCA.org. Retrieved 2009-03-11. 
  5. ↑ "'W. De Costa, H. Hitanayake and I. Dharmawardena, "A Physiological Investigation into the Invasive Behaviour of Some Plant Species in a Mid-Country Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka"". JNSFSL, 2001, 29 (1 & 2):35–50. Retrieved 2009-03-11. 
  6. ↑ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service). Plants Profile

External links

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