Ephraim Oshry

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Ephraim Oshry (1914–2003), author of The Annihilation of Lithuanian Jewry, was one of the few European rabbis and poseks to survive the Holocaust.

Born in Kupiškis, Lithuania in 1914, he studied alongside some of the most prominent and revered Jewish leaders and rabbis of his time, most notably Rabbi Avraham Duber Kahana Shapiro (author of Devar Avraham). When the Nazis invaded Kaunas in 1941 during World War II, Oshry's community was forced into the Kaunas Ghetto and Concentration Camp.

In his book, The Annihilation of Lithuanian Jewry, Oshry tells his story of living through the Holocaust. Besides the horrific details of how the Nazis and their Lithuanian collaborators viciously murdered Jews, Oshry focuses on the spiritual life of the Jews living in the Kaunas Ghetto and Concentration Camp; these tortured Jews, despite being starved and beaten, continued to study Torah in secret and to risk their lives in order to fulfill God's commandments.

While in the Kaunas Ghetto and Concentration Camp, Oshry began writing his responsa regarding the Holocaust, answering very difficult questions concerning human nature, God, and Jewish ethics. Before the final battle between the Nazis and the Soviets, Oshry buried his responsa in the ground. After the war, he retrieved them and ultimately - in 1959 - he published some of those Hebrew responsa under the title: She'eilos Uteshuvos Mima'amakim (Questions and Responses from the Depths). This volume ultimately was followed by four more volumes, the final one published in 1979. There is an abbreviated version in English (with much of the halakhic argumentation removed): Responsa from the Holocaust.

After Kaunas was liberated in August 1944, Oshry and his wife Frieda Greenzwieg, a survivor of Auschwitz, went to Rome. There Oshry started a yeshiva for orphaned refugee children. In 1950 he brought with him all of his yeshiva students when he and his family moved to Montreal. They came to New York in 1952 where Oshry became the rabbi of Beth Hamedrash Hagodol. Oshry opened a boy's yeshiva and a girl's yeshiva in the East Bronx. Also Yeshiva Shaar Ephraim in Monsey is named after him and is run by Oshry's son-in-law.

Oshry died on September 28, 2003 in New York; he was survived by his wife and nine children (three daughters and six sons). Nearly 1,000 mourners attended his funeral. He is buried in Jerusalem^[1]

References

↑ “Rabbi Ephraim Oshry, 89, led Norfolk St. temple”, The Villager (New York), vol. 73, No. 22, dated October 1–7, 2003.

Sources

Individual PDFs of his original five Hebrew volumes can be accessed here.
Amateau, Albert. "Rabbi Ephraim Oshry, 89, religious scholar, dies", Downtown Express, Volume 16, Issue 19, October 7–13, 2003.
Oshry, Ephraim. Annihilation of Lithuanian Jewry, Judaica Press, 1995 ISBN 978-1-880582-18-3
Oshry, Ephraim. Responsa from the Holocaust, B. Goldman and Y. Leiman Eds., Judaica Press, 2001 ISBN 978-1-880582-71-8

External links

Hebrew Language Wikipedia article on Oshry

v t e The Holocaust in Lithuania

Main article The Holocaust Related articles by country Belarus Estonia Latvia Norway Poland Russia Ukraine

Crimes	Ninth Fort Kaunas June 1941 Kaunas 29 October 1941 Ninth Fort November 1941 Ponary

Prominent victims	Zelig Kalmanovich Elchonon Wasserman Jacob Wygodzki

Major perpetrators	Erich Ehrlinger Karl Jäger Ernst Kaltenbrunner Hinrich Lohse Franz Murer Adrian von Renteln Alfred Rosenberg Rudolf Joachim Seck Franz Walter Stahlecker Martin Weiss

Nazi occupation and organizations	Einsatzgruppen Reichskommissariat Ostland Rollkommando Hamann

Collaborators	Algimantas Dailidė Algirdas Klimaitis Lithuanian Security Police Schutzmannschaft TDA Ypatingasis būrys

Ghettos, camps and prisons	HKP 562 Kaunas fort ring Kovno Ghetto Lukiškės Prison Marcinkonys Ghetto Šiauliai Ghetto Vilna Ghetto

Resistance and survivors	Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje Jay M. Ipson Abba Kovner Ephraim Oshry Ona Šimaitė Abraham Sutzkever

Documentation, concealment, and justice	Einsatzgruppen Trial Jäger Report Sonderaktion 1005

Righteous among the Nations	Kazys Binkis Karl Plagge Chiune Sugihara Lithuanian Righteous among the Nations

Occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany History of the Jews in Lithuania

Authority control	VIAF: 35742075 ISNI: 0000 0001 1874 8808 BNF: cb12818219x

Persondata
Name	Oshry, Ephraim
Alternative names
Short description	American rabbi
Date of birth	1914
Place of birth
Date of death	2003
Place of death

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