Entomophthorales
| Entomophthorales | |
|---|---|
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| Entomophthora muscae | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Subkingdom: | incertae sedis |
| Subdivisio: | Entomophthoromycotina |
| Order: | Entomophthorales |
| Families | |
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The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subphylum, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been described for them.[1]
Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus Conidiobolus) are free-living saprotrophs.
The name Entomophthorales is derived from the Greek for insect destroyer (Gk: entomo=insect, phthor=destroyer)
Highlighted species
- Basidiobolus ranarum, a commensal fungus of frogs and a mammal pathogen
- Conidiobolus coronatus,[2] a saprotrophic fungus of leaf litter and a mammal pathogen
- Entomophaga maimaiga, a biocontrol agent of gypsy moths
- Entomophthora muscae, a pathogen of houseflies
- Massospora spp., pathogens of periodical cicadas
Biology
Most species of the Entomophthorales produce ballistic asexual spores that are forcibly discharged. When not landing on a suitable host, these spores can germinate to make one of several alternate spore forms, including a smaller version of the original spore, or (in some species) an adhesive spore elevated on a very slender conidiophore called a capilliconidiophore.
Classification
Recent debate has centered on whether the Basidiobolaceae should be included in the Entomophthorales, or raised to ordinal status. Molecular systematics approaches so far give an ambiguous answer. Some analyses suggest the Basdiobolaceae are more closely related to certain chytrid fungi than to the Entomophthorales.[3] Others find weak support to maintain them in the Entomophthorales.[4] Morphological characters can be found to support either hypothesis.
References
- ↑ Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, et al. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycol. Res. 111 (Pt 5): 509–47. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. PMID 17572334.
- ↑ Dromph KM, Eilenberg J, Esbjerg P (November 2001). "Natural occurrence of entomophthoralean fungi pathogenic to collembolans". J. Invertebr. Pathol. 78 (4): 226–31. doi:10.1006/jipa.2002.5077. PMID 12009804.
- ↑ Nagahama, T.; Sato, H.; Shimazu, M.; Sugiyama, J. (1995). "Phylogenetic divergence of the entomophthoralean fungi: evidence from nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences". Mycologia 87 (2): 203–209. doi:10.2307/3760906. JSTOR 3760906.
- ↑ James, T. Y.; Kauff, F.; Schoch, C. L.; Matheny, P. B.; Hofstetter, V.; Cox, C. J.; Celio, G. et al.; Gueidan, Cécile et al. (2006). "Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny". Nature 443 (7113): 818–823. doi:10.1038/nature05110. PMID 17051209.
External links
- G. Benny. Entomophthorales section of Zygomycetes.org
- Entomophthorales at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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