Enterobacter cloacae
| Enterobacter cloacae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Enterobacter cloacae on tryptic soy agar. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Gamma Proteobacteria |
| Order: | Enterobacteriales |
| Family: | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Enterobacter |
| Binomial name | |
| Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1960 | |
| Subspecies | |
|
E. c. subsp. cloacae | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Bacillus cloacae Jordan 1890 | |
Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.
Microbiology
In microbiology labs, E. cloacae is frequently grown at 30°C on nutrient agar or broth or at 35°C in tryptic soy broth.[1] It is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium, is facultatively anaerobic, and bears peritrichous flagella. It is oxidase-negative and catalase-positive.[citation needed]
Industrial use
Enterobacter cloacae has been used in a bioreactor-based method for the biodegradation of explosives and in the biological control of plant diseases.[citation needed]
Safety
E. cloacae is considered a biosafety level 1 organism in the United States and level 2 in Canada.[citation needed]
Genomics
A draft genome sequence of Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae was announced in 2012. The bacteria used in the study were isolated from giant panda feces.[2]
Clinical significance
Enterobacter cloacae is a member of the normal gut flora of many humans and is not usually a primary pathogen.[3] It is sometimes associated with urinary tract and respiratory tract infections. Treatment with cefepime and gentamicin has been reported.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ Dalben, M; Varkulja, G; Basso, M; Krebs, VL; Gibelli, MA; van der Heijden, I; Rossi, F; Duboc, G; Levin, AS; Costa, SF (September 2008). "Investigation of an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal unit and review of the literature.". The Journal of hospital infection 70 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2008.05.003. PMID 18632183.
- ↑ Yan, Y; Zhao, CW; Zhang, YZ; Zhang, ZH; Pan, GL; Liu, WW; Ma, QY; Hou, R; Tan, XM (December 2012). "Draft Genome Sequence of Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae Strain 08XA1, a Fecal Bacterium of Giant Pandas.". Journal of bacteriology 194 (24): 6928–9. doi:10.1128/JB.01790-12. PMID 23209197.
- ↑ Keller, R; Pedroso, MZ; Ritchmann, R; Silva, RM (February 1998). "Occurrence of virulence-associated properties in Enterobacter cloacae.". Infection and immunity 66 (2): 645–9. PMC 113501. PMID 9453621.
- ↑ Barnes BJ, Wiederhold NP, Micek ST, Polish LB, Ritchie DJ (April 2003). "Enterobacter cloacae ventriculitis successfully treated with cefepime and gentamicin: case report and review of the literature". Pharmacotherapy 23 (4): 537–42. doi:10.1592/phco.23.4.537.32126. PMID 12680484.