English languages
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| Anglic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: | originally Great Britain (England, Lowland Scotland), now worldwide |
| Linguistic classification: | Indo-European |
| Proto-language: | Old English |
| Subdivisions: | |
The English languages (also called the Anglic languages[1][2] or Insular Germanic languages[3]) are a group of linguistic varieties including Old English and the languages descended from it.[4] These include Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English; Early Scots, Middle Scots, and Modern Scots; and the now extinct Yola and Fingallian in Ireland.
English-based creole languages are not generally included, as only their lexicon, not their linguistic structure, comes from English.
| Old English (Northumbrian, Mercian, Kentish, West Saxon) | |||||
| Early Northern Middle English |
Early Midland & Southeastern Middle English |
Early Southern & Southwestern Middle English | |||
| Early Scots | Northern Middle English |
Midland Middle English |
Southeastern Middle English |
Southern Middle English |
Southwestern Middle English |
| Middle Scots | Northern Early Modern English | Midland Early Modern English | Metropolitan Early Modern English | Southern Early Modern English | Southwestern EME, Yola, Fingallian |
| Modern Scots | Northern Modern English | East West Modern English | Standard Modern English | Southern Modern English | West Country Modern English |
References
- ↑ J. Derrick McClure Scots its range of Uses in A. J. Aitken, Tom McArthur, Languages of Scotland, W. and R. Chambers, 1979. p.27
- ↑ Thomas Burns McArthur, The English Languages, Cambridge University Press, 1998. p.203
- ↑ Woolf, Alex (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5, p. 336
- ↑ "Indo-European, Germanic, West, English". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
See also
- List of dialects of the English language
- Regional accents of English speakers
- History of the English language
- History of the Scots language
- International English
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