Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson

Late 19th century model for a statue of Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson to be placed in Örebro

Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (1390s – 4 May 1436) was a Swedish rebel leader and later statesman. He was the leader of the Engelbrekt rebellion in 1434 against Eric of Pomerania, king of the Kalmar Union.^[1]

Biography

Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson was a mine owner and a nobleman from the Bergslag of Norberg in the historic Swedish province of Dalarna. His family originally came from Germany, having migrated to Sweden in the 1360s.^[2] The family coat of arms shows three half-lilies formed into a triangle.

Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson was dissatisfied by the numerous offenses of the Danish local bailiffs and heavy taxation. In 1426 he started a rebellion with the support of mine workers and peasants from his home area. Engelbrekt set against the king's bailiff in Västerås, Jösse Eriksson, who was blamed for the distress that mining men suffered under his rule. The rebellion grew into a massive force sweeping the country.

In 1435 Engelbrekt was appointed Rikshövitsman, Commander in chief, at a Riksdag in Arboga that is often considered the first Riksdag in Sweden. However, he was not able to withstand the Swedish nobility, who wanted to exploit the rebellion. He was somewhat forced into the background. The Nobility and Clergy decided to support Karl Knutsson Bonde, who in 1436 was risen to the position of Rikshövitsman.^[3]

On 4 May 1436 Engelbrekt was assassinated at Engelbrektsholmen, an islet in Lake Hjälmaren by the aristocrat Måns Bengtsson, who lived in the nearby Göksholm Castle. Engelbrekt was buried in Örebro church. Måns Bengtsson was a Swedish knight and chief judge in the traditional Swedish province of Närke. He was a member of the family Natt och Dag, a family from Östergötland which belongs to the Swedish noble class.^[4][5]

Legacy

Family coat of arms from Nordisk familjebok

Over the next few decades, he became a national hero. Engelbrekt was depicted in history as the public protector and opponent of the Kalmar Union. Posterity has regarded Engelbrekt as one of the great heroes of Swedish history and his rebellion has been viewed as the start of the national awakening of the Swedes, which would later triumph in the victory of King Gustav Vasa. Engelbrekt himself had no such ideas, which must have been anachronistic at the time; however his rebellion gave peasants a voice in Swedish politics which they never lost afterwards. The Engelbrekt rebellion caused the unity of the Kalmar Union to erode, leading to the expulsion of Danish forces from Sweden. Although later Danish kings regained influence over Sweden, the rebellion had set a precedent for Swedish claims to sovereignty.

His bronze statue by Swedish sculptor Carl Gustaf Qvarnström (1810–1867), was unveiled in Örebro in 1865. There are also statues of Engelbrekt in Stockholm, Arboga and Falun. No contemporary images of Engelbrekt are known.

Engelbrekt is also the subject of Engelbrekt, an opera by Swedish composer Nathaniel Berg (1879–1957).^[6] (Engelbrekts församling) a parish in the Diocese of Stockholm, together with Engelbrekt Church (Engelbrektskyrkan), take their name from the hero.

References

Other source

• Harrison, Dick Sveriges historia medeltiden (Stockholm: Liber. 2002)ISBN 91-47-05115-9
• Moberg, Vilhelm Min svenska historia, II. Från Engelbrekt till och med Dacke (Stockholm: Norstedt. 1971)
• Larsson, Lars Olof Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson och 1430-talets svenska uppror (P.A. Norstedt. 1984) ISBN 978-91-1-843212-5
• Lindkvist, Thomas Sveriges medeltid (Solna: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1990) ISBN 978-91-21-10557-3
• Lönnroth, Erik Från svensk medeltid (Stockholm: Aldus/Bonniers, 1961)

External links

• Engelbrektskyrkan
• Engelbrekts församling