Endoglycosidase H
| Mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 3.2.1.96 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 37278-88-9 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The enzyme Endoglycosidase H (EC 3.2.1.96, Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase, di-N-acetylchitobiosyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, endo-beta-acetylglucosaminidase, endo-beta-(1->4)-N-acetylglucosaminidase, mannosyl-glycoprotein 1,4-N-acetamidodeoxy-beta-D-glycohydrolase, endoglycosidase S, endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, endo-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase L, glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminohydrolase, endoglycosidase H) is an enzyme with system name glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-N4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminohydrolase.[1][2][3][4][5][6] It is a highly specific endoglycosidase which cleaves asparagine-linked mannose rich oligosaccharides, but not highly processed complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. It is used for research purposes to deglycosylate glycoproteins.
Structure and Activity
Endoglycosidase H is isolated from Streptomyces plicatus or Streptomyces griseus. Its molecular weight is 29 000 Daltons. The primary structure is described by Robbins 1984[7]
Endoglycosidase H cleaves the bond in the diacetylchitobiose core of the oligosaccharide between two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) subunits directly proximal to the asparagine residue, generating a truncated sugar molecule with one N-acetylglucosamine residue remaining on the asparagine.[8]
It deglycosylates mannose glycoproteins, but the extent and rate of the deglycosylation depends to a high degree on the nature of the glycoproteins. The deglycosylation rate can be increased by denaturation of the glycoproteins (e.g., by carboxymethylation, sulfitolysis or by heating in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate). Over 0.02% SDS may inactivate the enzyme. The addition of 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol highly increases enzyme activity against glycoproteins containing inter- or intra-molecular disulfide bridges, unlike detergents like Triton X-100, n- Octylglucoside, or zwitterionic detergents.[9]
Biochemical Applications
Endoglycosidase H (Endo H) is commonly used by cell biologists to monitor posttranslational modification in the Golgi apparatus. Most proteins destined for the cell surface are translated by ribosomes into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and translocated into the Golgi. Upon entering the ER a molecule containing 14 sugar subunits is linked en bloc to an asparagine in a selective manner by the enzyme oligosaccharyl transferase. It is this oligosaccharide molecule which is modified by a series of enzymes as the protein moves through the different compartments of the Golgi apparatus. Endoglycosidase H is able to cleave each structure of this oligosaccharide as it is processed until the enzyme Golgi alpha-mannosidase II removes two mannose subunits. Since all later oligosaccharide structures are resistant to Endo H cleavage the enzyme is widely used to report the extent of oligosaccharide processing a protein of interest has undergone.[10]
References
- ↑ Chien, S., Weinburg, R., Li, S. and Li, Y. (1977). "Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from fig latex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 76: 317–323.
- ↑ Koide, N. and Muramatsu, T. (1974). "Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase acting on carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. Purification and properties of the enzyme from Diplococcus pneumoniae". J. Biol. Chem. 249: 4897–4904. PMID 4152561.
- ↑ Pierce, R.J., Spik, G. and Montreuil, J. (1979). "Cytosolic location of an endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity in rat liver and kidney". Biochem. J. 180: 673–673. PMID 486141.
- ↑ Pierce, R.J., Spik, G. and Montreuil, J. (1980). "Demonstration and cytosolic location of an endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity towards an asialo-N-acetyl-lactosaminic-type substrate in rat liver". Biochem. J. 185: 261–264. PMID 7378051.
- ↑ Tai, T., Yamashita, K., Ogata-Arakawa, M., Koide, N., Muramatsu, T., Iwashita, S., Inoue, Y. and Kobata, A. (1975). "Structural studies of two ovalbumin glycopeptides in relation to the endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase specificity". J. Biol. Chem. 250: 8569–8575. PMID 389.
- ↑ Tarentino, A.L., Plummer, T.H., Jr. and Maley, F. (1974). "The release of intact oligosaccharides from specific glycoproteins by endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H". J. Biol. Chem. 249: 818–824. PMID 4204553.
- ↑ Robbins P. W., R. B. Trimble, D. F. Wirth, C. Hering, F.Maley , G. F. Maley, R. Das, B. W. Gibson, N. Royal and K. Biemann. Primary structure of the Streptomyces enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. J Biol Chem 259:7577-7583 (1984).
- ↑ Endoglycosidase H, North Star
- ↑ Trimble, R. B. & Maley, F. (1984) Anal. Biochem. 141, 515–522
- ↑ Alberts et al. (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fourth Edition ISBN 0-8153-4072-9
External links
Close enzymes
Endoglycosidases F and D, cleave Glc-Nac
PNGase F (Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine_amidase)