Elena Garro

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Elena Garro (December 11, 1920 – August 22, 1998) was a Mexican writer. She was once married to writer Octavio Paz.

Biography

Elena Garro was born to a Spanish father and a Mexican mother on December 11, 1920 in Puebla, Mexico. (Birth Certificate says "11 Diciembre de PROX. Pasado," which means Dec. 11, 1916: [1] She spent her childhood in Mexico City but moved to Iguala, Guerrero, during the Cristero War. She studied literature, choreography and theater in the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City. While she lived in Mexico City she met Octavio Paz, whom she married in 1937. They had one daughter, Helena, but divorced in 1959. However, according to her final will, Elena died without knowing she was divorced.

After the 1968 Tlatelolco Massacre, she accused certain Mexican intellectuals of being responsible of instigating the students and later abandoning them. These accusations caused resentment in the intellectual community who repudiated her. In 1972, Garro left the country and lived in exile in France for twenty years.

When she returned to Mexico she lived in Cuernavaca[citation needed]. She suffered from lung cancer due to smoking and Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA) covered her medical expenses. She later died from this illness.

Her work touches on the themes of the marginalization of women and racism. Most important was her criticism of the Mexican government. She also portrayed a critical vision of the Mexican Revolution (1910) in her master novel "Los recuerdos del porvenir" (1963), which was awarded the Xavier Villarutia Prize, and which has been translated into several languages. Her novel "Y Matarazo no llamó . . . " criticizes how the government used excessive force to stop the labor strike. In her short story, "La culpa es de los tlaxcaltecas," she vindicates la Malinche. Her play "Felipe Angeles" is a documentary drama where she resurrects the General Felipe Angeles, a revolutionary leader who was executed in 1919 by the government of Venustiano Carranza] against the will of the people. This was a result of his success in saving the lives of many people in Chihuahua, when Pancho Villa ordered the execution of one hundred soldiers. He is also known for his triumph in Zacatecas. Angeles fought against the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz with Francisco Madero, president of Mexico who was also assassinated.

Works

Theater

  • Felipe Ángeles (1979)
  • Un hogar sólido (1958)
  • Los pilares de doña Blanca
  • El rey mago
  • Andarse por las ramas
  • Ventura Allende
  • El encanto
  • Los perros
  • El árbol (1963)
  • La dama boba
  • El rastro
  • Benito Fernández
  • La mudanza
  • Parada San Ángel
  • La señora en su balcón. (1994 ISBN. 968-856-379-X)
  • Sócrates y los gatos. (2003. ISBN 970-651-708-1)

Novels

  • Los recuerdos del porvenir (1963)
  • Testimonios sobre Mariana (1981)
  • Reencuentro de personajes (1982)
  • La casa junto al río Grijalbo (1983)
  • Y Matarazo no llamó (1991)
  • Inés (1995)
  • Busca mi esquela y Primer amor (1996)(ISBN 968-7415-36-3)
  • Un traje rojo para un duelo (1996) (ISBN 968-7415-51-7)
  • Un corazón en un bote de basura (1998) (ISBN 968-27-0672-6)
  • Mi hermanita Magdalena (1998) (ISBN 970-20-0062-9)
  • La vida empieza a las tres. (1997) (ISBN 968-7415-91-6)

Short stories

  • La culpa es de los tlaxcaltecas
  • La semana de colores (1964 ISBN 968-419-882-5)
  • Andamos huyendo Lola (1980)
  • El accidente y otros cuentos inéditos

Biographies

News report

  • Revolucionarios mexicanos

Awards

  • Award Xavier Villaurrutia (1963)
  • Award Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1996)
  • Award Grijalbo (1989)

References

{{Agent for Elena Garro and Helena Paz Garro - Patricia Rosas Lopategui has an official Birth Certificate - Acta de Nacimiento issued from Puebla Mexico 2001 }}
  1. ↑ according to the Mexican Birth Certificate

Further reading

(Spanish)

  • Luiselli, Alessandra. "La voluntad gótica de Elena Garro en su novela Ines", Alba de América 31:59 (2011) 64-79.
  • Luiselli, Alessandra. "Elena Garro", Letras Mexicanas. Ensayos críticos sobre escritores mexicanos de la segunda mitad del siglo veinte. Mexico: UNAM, 2006.153-173. ISBN 970-32-3594-8
  • La doble memoria de la loca. Sergio Callao en Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana. Lima-Hanover 2001
  • Melgar, Lucía; Gabriela Mora: Elena Garro: lectura múltiple de una personalidad compleja. Puebla: Benemérita Univ. Autónoma de Puebla, 2002. ISBN 968-863-628-2
  • A different reality: Studies on the work of Elena Garro, ed. by Anita K. Stoll. Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell Univ. Press, 1990.ISBN 0-8387-5166-0
  • Perea-Fox, Susana: "Elena Garro y los rostros del poder". D.F. México, Editorial Cenzontle, 2007. ISBN 978-970-9929-08-9
  • Rosas Lopátegui, Patricia: Yo sólo soy memoria: biografía visual de Elena Garro. Mexico: Ed. Castillo, 2000. ISBN 970-20-0088-2
  • Rosas Lopátegui Patricia: "Testimonios sobre Elena Garro". Biografía exclusiva y autorizada de Elena Garro, Monterrey, México, Ediciones Castillo, 2002. ISBN 970-20-0285-0
  • Rosas Lopátegui Patricia: "El asesinato de Elena Garro. Periodismo a través de una perspectiva biográfica", México, Porrúa, 2005. ISBN 970-07-6159-2
  • Rosas Lopátegui, Patricia, Yo quiero que haya mundo... Elena Garro 50 años de dramaturgia (coordinadora, autora y compiladora), Editorial Porrúa-Buap, México, 2008 ISBN 978-970-07-7691-0.
  • Schmidhbuer, Guillermo, "Cátedra de Damas: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz y Elena Garro". México: Universidad de Guadalajara, 2003. ISBN 970-27-0293-3
  • Schmidhuber, Guillermo, "En busca de un hogar sólido I y II" (two plays with Elen Garro as character). Argentina: Editorial Teatro Vivo, 2004. ISBN 987-21678-1-8
  • Toruño, Rhina. "Tiempo, destino, y opresion en la obra de Elena Garro". New York: Mellen University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-7734-4258-8
  • Toruño, Rhina. "Tiempo, destino, y opresion en la obra de Elena Garro". Update, 2nd Edition. San Salvador, El Salvador: Universidad Tecnologica de El Salvador, 1998. ISBN 99923-21-00-8
  • Toruño, Rhina. "Cita con la memoria: "Elena Garro cuenta su vida a Rhina Toruño". Buenos Aires, Argentina: Prueba de Galera Ediciones, 2004 ISBN 987-20648-6-5
  • Winkler, Julie A.: Light into shadow: marginality and alienation in the work of Elena Garro. New York; Vienna: Lang, 2001. (Currents in comparative Romance languages and literatures; 76 ) ISBN 0-8204-4071-X
  • Toruño-Haesnly, Rhina. "Encounter with Memory". Bloomington, Indiana: Palibrio, 2011 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-4633-0457-7, (softcover) ISBN 978-1-4633-0456-0, (ebook) ISBN 978-1-4633-0455-3
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