Einstein family

Einstein Family
Current region	worldwide
Place of origin	Württemberg, Germany
Notable members	Albert Einstein, Maja Einstein, Hermann Einstein, Pauline Koch
Connected families	Koch, Moos, Overnauer , Clews

The Einstein family is the family of the famous physicist Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Einstein's great-great-great-great-grandfather, Jakob Weil, was his oldest recorded relative, born around the turn of the 18th century, and the family continues to this day. Albert Einstein's great-great-grandfather, Löb Moses Sontheimer (1745–1831), was also the grandfather of the prominent tenor Heinrich Sontheim (1820–1912) of Stuttgart.^[1]

Albert's three children were from his relationship with his first wife, Mileva Marić, his daughter Lieserl being born a year before they married.

Albert Einstein's second wife was Elsa Einstein, whose mother Fanny Koch was the sister of Albert's mother, and whose father Rudolf Einstein was the son of Raphael Einstein, a brother of Albert's paternal grandfather. Thus Albert and Elsa were first cousins through their mothers and second cousins through their fathers.^[2]

Einstein Family table

Einstein Family Tree

Generation	Paternal	Maternal	Comments
First (known) generation		Jakob Weil from Wallerstein (?) (father of Jüttle Sara)[1]
Second generation	Juda from Nordstetten (?), Chaja [last name unknown] (?), Hoyna Moses Sontheimer (1705-?), Gölla [last name unknown] (?)	Jakob Weil (?), Jüttle Sara Weil (1722–1808), David Katz
Third generation	David Veit Einstein (1713-1763)	Samuel Obernauer (1744–1795), Judith Mayer Hill (1748-?) Löb Samuel Dörzbacher (1757-?) Golies (1761-?) Löb Moses Sontheimer (1745-?)	Jakob Simon Bernheimer (1756–1790), Leah Hajm (1753–1833) Bernard (Beerle) Weil (1750–1840), Rösle Katz (1760–1826)
Fourth generation	Naftali Einstein (1733-1801), Hayum Moos, Helene Steppach (1737-1790)
Fifth generation	Rupert Einstein (1759–1834) Veit Hirsch (1763–1820) Rebekka Overnauer (1770–1843) Hayum Moos (1788-?), Fanny Schmal (1792-?)	Zadok Löb Dörzbacher (1783–1852), Blumle Sontheimer (1786–1856)
Sixth generation	Abraham Einstein (1808–1868). Siblings: Hirsch Einstein [b.1799-?], Judith Einstein [b.1802-?], Samuel Rupert Einstein [b.1804-?], Raphael Einstein [b.1806-?], David Einstein [b.1810-?]), Helene Moos (1814–1887, Siblings: None)	Julius Dörzbacher (1816–1895, Siblings: None), Jette Bernheimer (1825–1886, Siblings: None)
Seventh generation	Hermann Einstein (1847–1902). Siblings: August Ignaz Einstein (b. 1841-?), Jette Einstein (b. 1844-?), Heinrich Einstein (b. 1845-?), Jakob Einstein (b. 1850-?), Friederike Einstein (b. 1855-?)	Pauline Koch (1858–1920). Siblings: Fanny Koch (1852–1926), Jacob Koch (?), Caesar Koch (?)
Eighth generation	Albert Einstein (1879–1955), Maja Einstein (1881–1951)		Albert's wives: Mileva Marić (1875–1948), Elsa Einstein (1876–1936)
Ninth generation (Albert's children)	Lieserl Einstein (1902-?), Hans Albert Einstein (1904–1973), Eduard Einstein (1910–1965)
Tenth generation	Bernhard Caesar Einstein (1930–2008), Klaus Martin (1933–1939); and Evelyn (1941–2011, adopted child)
Eleventh generation	Thomas Martin Einstein (1955-), Paul Michael Einstein (1959-), Eduard Albert (Ted) Einstein (1961-), Mira Einstein-Yehieli (1965-), Charles Quincy Ascher (Charly) Einstein (1971-)

Pauline Koch (Albert's mother)

Pauline Einstein (née Koch)
Pauline Einstein (née Koch)
Born	(1858-02-08)February 8, 1858 Cannstatt, Württemberg
Died	February 20, 1920(1920-02-20) (aged 62) Berlin, Germany
Residence	Germany (1858-1895) Italy (1896-1903) Germany (1904-1920)
Nationality	German
Ethnicity	Jewish
Spouse(s)	Hermann Einstein
Children	Albert Einstein and Maja Einstein
Parents	Julius Derzbacher and Jette Bernheimer

Pauline Einstein (née Koch) (February 8, 1858 – February 20, 1920) was the mother of the physicist Albert Einstein. She was born in Cannstatt, Württemberg.^[3] She was Jewish and had an older sister, Fanny, and two older brothers, Jacob and Caesar. Her parents were Julius Doerzbacher, who had accepted the family name Koch in 1842, and Jette Bernheimer. They had married in 1847. Pauline’s father was from Jebenhausen, now part of the city of Göppingen, and came from simple circumstances. Later he lived in Cannstatt and together with his brother Heinrich, succeeded in making a considerable fortune in the corn trade. They even became “Royal Württemberg Purveyor to the Court”. Their mother was from Cannstatt and was a quiet and caring person.

Early life

At 18 years old, Pauline married the merchant Hermann Einstein who lived in Ulm. They got married in Cannstatt on August 8, 1876. After the marriage, the young couple lived in Ulm, where Hermann became joint partner in a bed feathers company. Their son, Albert was born on March 14, 1879. On the initiative of Hermann’s brother Jakob the family moved to Munich in the summer of 1880, where the two brothers together founded an electrical engineering company called ^[4] Einstein & Cie. The second child of Hermann and Pauline, their daughter Maria (called Maja), was born in Munich on November 18, 1881. Pauline Einstein was a very well educated and quiet woman who had an inclination towards the arts. When her duties in the household allowed it, she was an assiduous and good piano player. She made Albert begin with violin lessons at the age of five.^[5]

Business problems

The factory of Hermann and Jakob was moved to Pavia, Italy in 1894. Hermann, Maria and Pauline moved to Milan in the same year and one year later, moved to Pavia. Albert stayed with relatives in Munich to continue his education there. The separation from her son was certainly difficult for Pauline. Due to poor business, the brothers had to abandon their factory in 1896. Though Hermann had lost most of their money, he founded (without his brother) another electrical engineering company in Milan. This time business was better. However, Hermann's health had gone downhill, and he died of heart failure in Milan on October 10, 1902.

After Hermann

In 1903, Pauline went to live with her sister Fanny and her husband Rudolf Einstein, a first cousin of Hermann, in Hechingen, Württemberg. Fanny's daughter, Elsa was to become the second wife of Albert in 1919. In 1910, Pauline moved with her sister, Fanny and her family to Berlin. She took on a job as housekeeper in Heilbronn, Württemberg in 1911. She lived with her brother Jacob Koch and his family in Zurich after 1914.

Death

During World War I, Pauline fell ill with cancer. In 1918, when visiting her daughter, Maria and son-in-law, Paul Winteler in Luzern, Pauline was taken to the sanatorium Rosenau, due to her illness. At the end of 1919, Albert took his terminally-ill mother out of the sanatorium in Luzern and brought her to Haberlandstrasse 5, Berlin to stay with him and his second wife Elsa, where she later died.

Hermann Einstein (Albert's father)

Hermann Einstein
Hermann Einstein
Born	(1847-08-30)August 30, 1847 Buchau, Kingdom of Württemberg
Died	October 10, 1902(1902-10-10) (aged 55) Milan, Kingdom of Italy
Citizenship	Germany (1847-1894) Italy (1894-1902)
Occupation	Scientific utility salesman, Electrician
Spouse(s)	Pauline Koch
Children	Albert Einstein and Maja Einstein
Parents	Abraham Einstein and Helene Moos

Hermann Einstein (August 30, 1847 – October 10, 1902) was the father of Albert Einstein.

Early life

Hermann Einstein (also known as Hermann Moos) was born in Buchau, Württemberg to Abraham Einstein and Helene Moos (July 3, 1814 – August 20, 1887).

He had six siblings:^[6]

• Raphael (December 3, 1839 – January 15, 1842); male
• Jette (January 13, 1844 – January 7, 1905); female
• Heinrich (October 12, 1845 – November 16, 1877); male
• August Ignaz (December 23, 1849 – April 14, 1911); male
• Jakob (November 25, 1850 – 1912); male
• Friederike "Rika" (March 15, 1855 – June 17, 1938); female

At the age of 14, Hermann attended the secondary school in the regional capital Stuttgart and was academically successful. He had a strong affection for mathematics, and would have liked to study in this or a related area, but as the financial situation of the family opposed further education, he decided to become a merchant and began an apprenticeship in Stuttgart.

Marriage to Pauline

Hermann married 18-year-old Pauline Koch in Cannstatt, Württemberg on August 8, 1876.^[7] After their wedding, the young couple lived in Ulm, where Hermann became joint partner in the bed feathers shop of his cousins, Moses and Hermann Levi. In Ulm, their son Albert was born on March 14, 1879. On the initiative of Hermann's brother Jakob, the family moved to Munich in the summer of 1880. There, the two brothers founded the electrical engineering company Einstein & Cie, with Hermann being the merchant and Jakob the technician. The second child of Hermann and Pauline, their daughter Maria, (called Maja) was born in Munich on November 18, 1881.

Work

The Einsteins' electrical firm manufactured dynamos and electrical meters based on direct current. They were instrumental in bringing electricity to Munich, the capital of a very Catholic Bavaria. In 1885, they won the contract that provided DC lights to illuminate the Oktoberfest for the first time. To young, impressionable Albert, this must have been the source of great pride, for at this time Albert was the only Jew in his Catholic Petersschule class.

To their dismay, the Einstein brothers eventually lost a bidding war for the electrification contract of Munich to Siemens, which promoted the modern alternating current. Their fortunes took a decidedly downward turn from there.

The two brothers moved their company to Pavia, Italy in 1894. Hermann, Pauline and Maja moved to Milan in the same year and one year later moved to Pavia. Albert stayed with relatives in Munich to continue his education there.

Due to poor business, Hermann and Jakob had to burn their factory in 1896. Though Hermann had lost most of their money, he founded another electrical engineering company in Milan, this time without his brother. He was supported financially by his relatives in this venture. Though business was better this time, Hermann was preoccupied with “worries due to the vexatious money”. He moved back to Germany in 1902.

Death

Hermann Einstein died of heart failure in Milan in 1902. The grave is Civico Mausoleo Palanti inside Cimitero Monumentale di Milano.

Maria "Maja" Einstein (Albert's sister)

Maria 'Maja' Einstein
Maria 'Maja' Einstein ca.1930
Born	Maria Einstein (1881-11-18)November 18, 1881 Munich, Germany
Died	June 25, 1951(1951-06-25) (aged 69) Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Cause of death	Atherosclerosis
Residence	Germany (1881-1894) Italy (1894-1902, 1922-1939) Switzerland (1902-1922) United States (1939-1951)
Nationality	American
Ethnicity	Jewish
Occupation	Doctor
Known for	Albert's well known inventions
Partner(s)	Paul Winteler
Children	None
Parents	Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch
Relatives	Albert Einstein
Notes "Yes, but where does it have its small wheels?" Question by a young Albert Einstein when he first saw his sister in 1881.

Maria "Maja" Einstein and her older brother, Albert Einstein were the two children of Hermann Einstein and Pauline Einstein (née Koch), who had moved from Ulm to Munich in June 1880, when Albert was one.^[8] There Hermann and his brother Jakob had founded Einstein & Cie., an electrical engineering company.^[9]

She was born November 18, 1881 in Munich. When little Albert saw his sister for the first time he thought she was a kind of toy and asked: "Yes, but where does it have its small wheels?"^[9] Maja and Albert got along very well all their lives. She was Albert's only friend during his childhood.

She attended elementary school in Munich from 1887 to 1894. She then moved with her parents to Milan, where she attended the German International School; Albert had stayed behind with relatives in Munich to complete his schooling. From 1899 to 1902, she attended a workshop for teachers in Aarau. After she passed her final exams, she studied Romance languages and literature in Berlin, Bern and Paris. In 1909, she graduated from University of Bern, her dissertation was entitled "Contribution to the Tradition of the Chevalier au Cygne and the Enfances Godefroi".

In the year following her graduation, she married Paul Winteler, but they were to be childless. The young couple moved to Luzern in 1911, where Maja's husband had found a job. In 1922, they moved to Colonnata near Florence in Italy.^[10]

After the Italian leader Benito Mussolini introduced anti-Semitic laws in Italy, Albert invited Maja to emigrate to the United States in 1939 and live in his residence in Mercer Street, Princeton, New Jersey. Her husband was denied entry into the United States on health grounds.^[9] Maja spent some pleasant years with Albert, until she suffered a stroke in 1946, and became bedridden.^[11] She later developed progressive arteriosclerosis, and died in Princeton on June 25, 1951 four years before her brother.^[11]

Lieserl Einstein (Albert's daughter)

Lieserl Einstein
Born	January 232323 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Austria-Hungary (present day Republic of Serbia)
Died	1903?
Cause of death	possibly scarlet fever
Resting place	unknown
Residence	Novi Sad (1902-19??)
Parents	Mileva Marić and Albert Einstein
Relatives	Marija Marić née Ružić, Miloš Marić, Pauline Einstein née Koch, Hermann Einstein, Hans Albert Einstein and Eduard Einstein.

Lieserl Einstein (born January, 1902 – last mentioned in 1903; date of death unknown) was the first child of Mileva Marić and Albert Einstein.

According to the correspondence between her parents, "Lieserl" was born in January, 1902, a year before her parents married, in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, present day Serbia, and was cared for by her mother for a short time while Einstein worked in Switzerland before Marić joined him there without the child.

"Lieserl's" existence was unknown to biographers until 1986, when a batch of letters between Albert and Mileva were discovered by Hans Albert Einstein's daughter Evelyn.

Marić had hoped for a girl, while Einstein would have preferred a boy. In their letters, they called the unborn child "Lieserl", when referring to a girl, or "Hanserl", if a boy. Both "Lieserl" and "Hanserl" were diminutives of the common German names Liese and Hans.

The first reference to Marić's pregnancy was found in a letter Einstein wrote to her from Winterthur, probably on May 28, 1901 (letter 36), asking twice about "the boy" and "our little son",^[12] whereas Marić's first reference was found in her letter of November 13, 1901 (letter 43) from Stein am Rhein, in which she referred to the unborn child as "Lieserl".^[13] Einstein goes along with Marić's wish for a daughter, and referred to the unborn child as "Lieserl" as well, but with a sense of humour as in letter 45 of December 12, 1901 "... and be happy about our Lieserl, whom I secretly (so Dollie ^[14] doesn't notice) prefer to imagine a Hanserl."^[15]

The child must have been born shortly before February 4, 1902, when Einstein wrote: "... now you see that it really is a Lieserl, just as you'd wished. Is she healthy and does she cry properly? [...] I love her so much and don't even know her yet!"^[16]

The last time "Lieserl" was mentioned in their extant correspondence was in Einstein's letter of September 19, 1903 (letter 54), in which he showed concern for her suffering from scarlet fever. His asking "as what is the child registered? [Adding] we must take precautions that problems don't arise for her later" may indicate the intention to give the child up for adoption.^[17]

As neither the full name, nor the fate of the child are known, so far several theories about her life and death have been put forward:

• Michele Zackheim, in her book on "Lieserl", Einstein's Daughter, states that "Lieserl" was mentally challenged at birth, and that she lived with her mother's family and probably died of scarlet fever in September 1903.^[18]
• Another possibility, favoured by Robert Schulmann of the Einstein Papers Project, is that "Lieserl" was adopted by Marić's close friend, Helene Savić, and was raised by her and lived under the name "Zorka Savić" until the 1990s. Savić did in fact raise a child by the name of Zorka, who was blind from childhood and died in the 1990s. Her grandson Milan Popović rejects the possibility that it was "Lieserl", and also favors the theory that the child died in September 1903.^[19]
• In 2010 British journalist published a fourth theory on Lieserl’s fate titled "A Vital Detail In The Story of Albert Einstein."^[20]

Abraham Einstein (Albert's grandfather)

Abraham Einstein (8 Apr 1808–21 Nov 1868), the son of Ruppert Einstein and Rebekha Overnauer, is the father of Hermann Einstein and grandfather of Hermann's son, Albert. Abraham married Helene Moos, both German Jews, in April 1839 in Buchau. Together, they had several children:

• Raphael (3 Dec 1839–15 Jan 1842), male
• Jette (13 Jan 1844–7 Jan 1905), female
• Heinrich (12 Oct 1845–16 Nov 1877), male
• Hermann (30 Aug 1847–10 Oct 1902), male
• August Ignaz (23 Dec 1849–14 Apr 1911), male
• Jacob (25 Nov 1850–1912), male
• Friederike "Rika" (15 Mar 1855–17 Jun 1938), female

Ancestors and Relatives

Einsteins and Ainsteins

^[21] First known is Baruch E/Ainstein (b. 1665 in Wangen as son of Moses Ainstein, Germany, d. after 1689), got married two times with unknown women, from one marriage he had Moyses Probabla E/Ainstein (b. 1689, d. 1732). Moyses got married two times, second marriage was with Judith Hayman, Judith got 2 stepson from this marriage: David Einstein (b. 1713 in Buchau, Germany, d. 1763, but there is also chance he is son of unknown son of Judith and Moyses) and Abraham Einstein, Moyses also had daughter from first marriage. Judith had 2 biological sons: Daniel Einstein (b. 1690 in Fellheim, Germany, d. after 1720) and Leopold Einstein (b. 1700, d. after 1718).

Daniel's children

Daniel had 4 wives, but despite this he had only one child, either a son or stepson called

• Leopold (b. 1720 in Ulm, Germany, d. November 6, 1796 in Lupheim, Germany)
• Descendent families: Einsteins, Bernheins, Bukas, Steiners, Nathans, Noerdlingers, Straussses, Saengers

Leopold's children

Leopold had one wife called Karoline (b. 1700 in Buchau, Germany) and had:

• Abraham (b. January 12, 1718 in Buchau, Germany, d. June 16, 1787)
• Descendent families: Guggenheims and Einsteins

Abraham's children

Abraham had one unknown wife:

• Joseph (b. 1726 in Sontheim, Germany, d. April 29, 1795 in Jebenhausen, Germany)
• Descendent families: Lindauer, Rohrbacher, Weils, Einsteins, Lindauers, Kohns, Levis, Fellheimers, Franks, Lindauers, Heumanns Sulzbergs, Katzs and Wormsers

David's children

From marriage with Karoline Ehrlich he had:

• Moyses
• Naphatali (b. 1733 in Buchau, Germany, d. 1799) (Einstein's great-great-grandfather), his is grandfather of Abraham above, whom had been the Spouse of Greta.

References

• Highfield, Roger; Carter, Paul (1993). The Private Lives of Albert Einstein. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-17170-2.  Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

Further reading

• Albert Einstein, Mileva Marić: The Love Letters. Edited by Jürgen Renn & Robert Schulmann. Translated by Shawn Smith. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. 1992, ISBN 0-691-08760-1
• Michele Zackheim, Einstein's Daughter: the Search for Lieserl, Riverhead 1999, ISBN 1-57322-127-9.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Einstein Family.

• Lieserl Einstein's Biography from einstein-website.de
• Pauline Koch's fact file from einstein-website.de

v t e Albert Einstein Scientific career Special relativity General relativity Mass–energy equivalence Brownian motion Photoelectric effect Einstein solid Equivalence principle Einstein field equations Einstein radius Einstein relation (kinetic theory) Cosmological constant Bose–Einstein condensate Bose–Einstein statistics Bose–Einstein correlations Einstein–Cartan theory Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations Einstein–de Haas effect EPR paradox Bohr–Einstein debates Unsuccessful investigations Works Annus Mirabilis papers (1905) Investigations on the theory of Brownian Movement (1905) Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (1916) The World as I See It (1949) Why Socialism? (1949) Russell–Einstein Manifesto (1955) Family Pauline Koch (mother) Hermann Einstein (father) Maja Einstein (sister) Mileva Marić (first wife) Elsa Einstein (second wife) Lieserl Einstein (daughter) Hans Albert Einstein (son) Eduard Einstein (son) Bernhard Caesar Einstein (grandson) Evelyn Einstein (granddaughter) Einstein Prizes Albert Einstein Award Albert Einstein Medal Albert Einstein Peace Prize Albert Einstein World Award of Science Einstein Prize (APS) Einstein Prize for Laser Science Other Political views Religious views Einstein refrigerator Brain In popular culture Awards and honors List of things named after Albert Einstein Einstein Papers Project

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Persondata
Name	Family, Einstein
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	November 18, 1881
Place of birth
Date of death	June 25, 1951
Place of death