Echinaster echinophorus
| Echinaster echinophorus | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Asteroidea |
| Order: | Spinulosida |
| Suborder: | Leptognathina |
| Family: | Echinasteridae |
| Genus: | Echinaster |
| Species: | E. echinophorus |
| Binomial name | |
| Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816) [1] | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Echinaster echinophorus, the orange knobbly star, is a species of sea star found in the Caribbean Sea and along the Atlantic coast of South America.
Description
Echinaster echinophorus is a small species with a diameter of up to 7 centimetres (2.8 in). It has a small central disc and five spatulate arms, tapering very little and with rounded tips. The arms are oval in cross section and on the aboral (upper) side have one or two rows of bluntly conical spines, and more rows of spines on the sides of the arms and on the oral (under) surface, on either side of the ambulacral grooves. The colour is usually some shade of red or orange.[2][3]
Distribution and habitat
Echinaster echinophorus is found in shallow water in Florida, the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas, Venezuela and northern Brazil at depths ranging from 24 to 73 metres (79 to 240 ft) and at a sea temperature of about 27 °C (81 °F).[1] It occurs on reefs, rocks and areas of coral rubble and also sometimes among mangroves.[3]
Biology
In Florida, Echinaster echinophorus spawns in late spring and early summer. Two types of egg are produced, some being dark-coloured and planktonic while others are bright orange and immediately sink to the seabed.[4] These soon start to develop into modified brachiolaria larvae, which have larval arms and attach with a sucker. By day seven they have two pairs of tube feet and begin to move around. The development of the pelagic eggs takes place much more slowly.[4]
Research
A study was done testing secondary metabolites obtained from Echinaster echinophorus. It was found that an extract from its tissues showed activity against Leishmania amazonensis, the protozoan parasite causing the tropical skin disease leishmaniasis, and had the advantage that it was not toxic to the mice on which it was tested.[5]
Echinaster echinophorus feeds on many species of sponge, but the red tree sponge (Haliclona compressa) contains certain secondary metabolites that prevent the starfish from eating it.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mah, Christopher (2010). "Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816)". In C. L. Mah. World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
- ↑ "Echinaster echinophorus". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Echinaster echinophorus – Dornenseestern". Liebe Besucher des Meerwasser-Lexikon (in German). Retrieved 2012-10-02.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Atwood, David G. (1973). "Larval development in the asteroid Echinaster echinophorus". The Biological Bulletin 144 (1): 1–11.
- ↑ Marley García Parra; Lianet Monzote Fidalgo; Judith Mendiola Martinez; Ana Margarita Montalvo Alvarez; Olga Valdés Iglesias (2010). "Leishmanicidal activity of Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus crude extract" (PDF). Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52 (2): 89–93. doi:10.1590/S0036-46652010000200006.
- ↑ Waddell, Brett; Pawlik, Joseph R. (2000). "Defenses of Caribbean sponges against invertebrate predators. II. Assays with sea stars". Marine Ecology Progress Series 195: 133–144. doi:10.3354/meps195133.