Ebullioscopic constant

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In thermodynamics, the ebullioscopic constant, K_b, allows one to relate molality to boiling point elevation. It is the ratio of the latter to the former:

$\Delta T=i\cdot K_{b}\cdot m$
i is the Vant Hoff factor. It is determined by whether the solute particles in the solution associate or dissociate. If all the particles of the solute trimerise (Three associate into one) the Vant hoff factor will be 1/3. If they dissociate into two particles (For example NaCl as solute which breaks into Na⁺ and Cl^-), i=2.

$K_{b}=RT_{b}^{2}/1000L_{v}$
R - Ideal Gas constant
T_b - Boiling point of liquid.
L_v - Latent heat of vaporisation per gram.

Through the procedure called ebullioscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term "ebullioscopy" comes from the Greek language and means "boiling measurement." This is related to cryoscopy, which determines the same value from the cryoscopic constant (of freezing point depression).

This property of elevation of boiling point is a colligative property. It means that the property, in this case $\Delta T$ depends on the number of particles dissolved into the solvent and not the nature of those particles.

Some K_b values

0.512 Water
5.03 Carbon tetrachloride
3.63 Chloroform
2.53 Benzene
2.34 Carbon disulfide
2.02 Diethyl ether
5.95 Camphor
3.08 Acetic acid
2.79 Cyclohexane
1.07 Ethanol

Ebullioscopic constant

Some Kb values

See also

Some K_b values