Earl of Cardigan

James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan.

Earl of Cardigan is a title in the Peerage of England, currently held by the Marquesses of Ailesbury, and used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to that Marquessate, currently David Brudenell-Bruce, Earl of Cardigan, son of the 8th Marquess. The Brudenell family descends from Sir Robert Brudenell, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1520 to 1530. His great-grandson, Sir Thomas Brudenell, was created a Baronet in the Baronetage of England, styled "of Deene in the County of Northampton", on 29 June 1611.^[1] On 26 February 1628, he was raised to the Peerage of England as Baron Brudenell, of Stanton Wyvill in the County of Leicester, and on 20 April 1661 he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Cardigan, also in the Peerage of England. On his death, the titles passed to his son, Robert, the 2nd Earl, and on the 2nd Earl's death to his grandson, George, the 3rd Earl, the 2nd Earl's only son, Francis, Lord Brudenell, having predeceased his father.

The 3rd Earl's eldest son George, the 4th Earl, married Lady Mary Montagu, daughter of John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, and succeeded to the Montagu estates on his father-in-law's death in 1749, including the Lordship of Bowland. He assumed the same year by Royal license the surname of Montagu in lieu of Brudenell. In 1766 he was created Marquess of Monthermer and Duke of Montagu in the Peerage of Great Britain, revivals of the titles which had become extinct on his father-in-law's death in 1749. Montagu's only son and heir, John Montagu, Marquess of Monthermer, had already been created Baron Montagu, of Boughton in the County of Northampton, in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1762, a revival of another title held by his maternal grandfather. However, Lord Monthermer died childless in 1770, predeceasing his father. The barony of Montagu died with him. In 1786 the Duke of Montagu was also created Baron Montagu, of Boughton in the County of Northampton, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to the younger sons of his daughter, Lady Elizabeth Montagu, wife of Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch. On the Duke's death in 1780 the marquessate and dukedom became extinct while he was succeeded in the barony of Montagu according to the special remainder by his grandson, Henry Scott (see Baron Montagu of Boughton for further history of this title; see also Duke of Montagu).

The earldom, barony of Brudenell and baronetcy passed to the Duke's younger brother, James, the 5th Earl, who already on 17 October 1780 had been created Baron Brudenell, of Deene in the County of Northampton, in the Peerage of Great Britain, in his own right. However, he died childless in 1811 when the barony of 1780 became extinct. He was succeeded in the remaining titles by his nephew, Robert, the 6th Earl, only son of the Honourable Robert Brudenell, third son of the 3rd Earl. The 6th Earl's only son, James, 7th Earl, gained fame for his role in the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War. He was childless and on his death in 1868 the titles were inherited by his second cousin, George, 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury, grandson of Thomas Brudenell, the fourth and youngest son of the 3rd Earl. Thomas had succeeded his maternal uncle, the 3rd Earl of Ailesbury and 4th Earl of Elgin, in 1747 as Baron Bruce, of Tottenham in the County of Wilts, had in 1766 assumed the surname "Brudenell-Bruce", and had in 1776 been created Earl of Ailesbury in the Peerage of Great Britain. The 1st Earl of Ailesbury was succeeded by his son, Charles, the 2nd Earl of Ailesbury, who in 1821 had been created Viscount Savernake, of Savernake Forest in the County of Wilts, Earl Bruce, of Whorlton in the County of York, and Marquess of Ailesbury, in the County of Buckingham. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury and 8th Earl of Cardigan. For further history of the titles, see Marquess of Ailesbury.

The Earldom remains united with the Marquessate of Ailesbury, and indeed, since the descendants of the 1st Earl of Ailesbury are the only remaining descendants of the 1st Earl of Cardigan, the titles will never separate. The Earldom remains visible, however, as it is used as a courtesy title by the heirs apparent to the Marquessate.

Earls of Cardigan (1661)

• Thomas Brudenell, 1st Earl of Cardigan (c. 1593–1663)

• 

  Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan (1607-1703) (Joshua Reynolds)
  Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan (5 March 1607–16 July 1703). Styled Lord Brudenell between 1661 and 1663, he was the son of Thomas Brudenell, 1st Earl of Cardigan, and Mary Tresham, daughter of Sir Thomas Tresham. He succeeded his father in the earldom in 1663. Lord Cardigan converted to Roman Catholicism. He was twice married. He married firstly the Honourable Mary Constable, daughter of Henry Constable, 1st Viscount of Dunbar. After her death he married secondly Anna Savage, daughter of Thomas Savage, 1st Viscount Rocksavage. There were children from both marriages. His daughter Mary married William Hay, 4th Earl of Kinnoull and his daughter Anna married Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury. Anna, Countess of Cardigan, died in June 1696. Lord Cardigan died in July 1703, aged 96, and was succeeded in the earldom by his grandson George, his son from his second marriage, Francis, Lord Brudenell, having predeceased him.^[2]
  • Francis Brudenell, Lord Brudenell (d. 1698). He married Frances, daughter of James Savile, 2nd Earl of Sussex and had two sons, George (later 3rd Earl) and James, and three daughters, Mary, who married Richard Molyneux, 5th Viscount Molyneux, Anne, who married firstly Henry Belasyse, 2nd Baron Belasyse and secondly Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, and Frances, who married firstly Charles Livingston, 2nd Earl of Newburgh and secondly Richard Bellew, 3rd Baron Bellew.^[3]
• George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan (1692–1732)
• George Brudenell, later Montagu, 4th Earl of Cardigan (1712–1790) (created Duke of Montagu in 1766)

Dukes of Montagu (1766)

• George Brudenell, later Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu (1712–1790)
  • John Montagu, Marquess of Monthermer (1735–1770)

Earls of Cardigan (1661; Reverted)

• James Brudenell, 5th Earl of Cardigan (1715–1811)
• Robert Brudenell, 6th Earl of Cardigan (1760–1837)
• James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan (1797–1868)
• George William Frederick Brudenell-Bruce, 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury, 8th Earl of Cardigan (1804–1878)

see Marquess of Ailesbury for further succession

References

• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
• Joan Wake, The History of the Brudenells of Deene (London: Cassels) 1953.
• Archival material relating to the Brudenell family, Earls of Cardigan listed at the UK National Archives