EGR1

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Early growth response 1

Cartoon representation of Zif268 (blue) containing three zinc fingers in complex with DNA (orange). The coordinating amino acid residues of the middle zinc ion (green) are highlighted.

Available structures

PDB

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1a1f, 1a1g, 1a1h, 1a1i, 1a1j, 1a1k, 1a1l, 1aay, 1f2i, 1jk1, 1jk2, 1p47, 1zaa

Identifiers

Symbols

EGR1; AT225; G0S30; KROX-24; NGFI-A; TIS8; ZIF-268; ZNF225

External IDs

OMIM: 128990 MGI: 95295 HomoloGene: 56394 GeneCards: EGR1 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription • DNA binding • double-stranded DNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • protein binding • transcription factor binding • zinc ion binding • histone acetyltransferase binding • sequence-specific DNA binding
Cellular component	• nucleus • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm
Biological process	• negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • response to amphetamine • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • learning or memory • circadian rhythm • response to glucose stimulus • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • T cell differentiation • BMP signaling pathway • response to nutrient levels • cellular response to insulin stimulus • regulation of protein sumoylation • response to carbon monoxide • cellular response to drug • response to cocaine • positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process • response to ethanol • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity • oligodendrocyte differentiation • response to electrical stimulus • long-term synaptic potentiation • type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway • interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway • cellular response to antibiotic • cellular response to mechanical stimulus • cellular response to isoquinoline alkaloid • cellular response to cAMP • cellular response to growth factor stimulus • cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus • cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus • cellular response to hyperoxia • cellular response to hypoxia • cellular response to gamma radiation • cellular response to heparin • cellular response to mycophenolic acid • response to norepinephrine stimulus • glomerular mesangial cell proliferation • positive regulation of glomerular metanephric mesangial cell proliferation • negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 5:
137.8 – 137.81 Mb

Chr 18:
34.86 – 34.86 Mb

PubMed search

EGR-1 (Early growth response protein 1) also known as Zif268 (zinc finger protein 225) or NGFI-A (nerve growth factor-induced protein A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene.

EGR-1 is a mammalian transcription factor. It was also named Krox-24, TIS8, and ZENK. It was originally discovered in mice.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the EGR family of C₂H₂-type zinc finger proteins. It is a nuclear protein and functions as a transcriptional regulator. The products of target genes it activates are required for differentiation and mitogenesis. Studies suggest this is a tumor suppressor gene.^[1]

It has a distinct pattern of expression in the brain, and its induction has been shown to be associated with neuronal activity. Several studies suggest it has a role in neuronal plasticity.^[2]

EGR-1 has also been found to regulate the expression of synaptobrevin II (a protein important for synaptic exocytosis).^[3]

Structure

The DNA-binding domain of EGR-1 consists of three zinc finger domains of the Cys₂His₂ type. The amino acid structure of the EGR-1 zinc finger domain is given in this table, using the single letter amino acid code. The fingers 1 to 3 are indicated by f1 - f3. The numbers are in reference to the residues (amino acids) of alpha helix (there is no zero). The residues marked 'x' are not part of the zinc fingers, but rather serve to connect them all together.


																				-1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9			x	x	x	x	x
f1	M	A	E	E	R	P	Y	A	C	P	V	E	S	C	D	R	R	F	S	R	S	D	E	L	T	R	H	I	R	I	H	T	G	Q	K	P
f2							F	Q	C	A	I	-	-	C	M	R	N	F	S	R	S	D	H	L	T	T	H	I	A	T	H	T	G	E	K	P
f3							F	A	C	D	I	-	-	C	G	R	K	F	A	R	S	D	E	R	K	R	H	T	K	I	H	L	R	Q	K	D

The crystal structure of DNA bound by the zinc finger domain of EGR-1 was solved in 1991, which greatly aided early research in zinc finger DNA-binding domains.^[4]

The human EGR-1 protein contains (in its unprocessed form) 543 amino acids with a molecular weight of 57.5 kDa, and the gene is located on the chromosome 5.

DNA Binding Specificity

EGR-1 binds the DNA sequence 5'-GCG TGG GCG-3' (and similar ones like 5'-GCG GGG GCG-3').^[5]^[6] The f1 position 6 binds the 5' G (the first base count from the left); the f1 position 3 to the second base (C); f1 position -1 binds to the third position (G); f2 position 6 to the fourth base (T); and so on.

Interactions

EGR-1 has been shown to interact with NAB1,^[7] CEBPB,^[8] EP300,^[9] CREB-binding protein,^[9] PSMA3^[10] and P53.^[11]

References

↑ "Entrez Gene: EGR1 early growth response 1".
↑ Knapska, E and Kaczmarek, L (2004) "A gene for Neuronal Plasticity in the Mammalian Brain: Zif286/Egr1/NGFI-A/Krox-24/TIS-8/ZENK?" Progress in Neurobiology 74, 2004
↑ Petersohn,D and Thiel. G (1996)"Role of zinc-finger proteins Sp1 and zif268/egr-1 in transcriptional regulation of the human synaptobrevin II gene" European Journal of Biochemistry, 239, 1996
↑ Pavletich, N. P.; Pabo, C. O. (1991). "Zinc finger-DNA recognition: crystal structure of a Zif268-DNA complex at 2.1 A". Science 252 (5007): 809–17. doi:10.1126/science.2028256. PMID 2028256.
↑ Christy B, Nathans D (1989). "DNA binding site of the growth factor-inducible protein Zif268". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (22): 8737–41. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8737. PMC 298363. PMID 2510170.
↑ Swirnoff AH, Milbrandt J (1995). "DNA-binding specificity of NGFI-A and related zinc finger transcription factors". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (4): 2275–87. PMC 230455. PMID 7891721.
↑ Russo, M W; Sevetson B R, Milbrandt J (Jul 1995). "Identification of NAB1, a repressor of NGFI-A- and Krox20-mediated transcription". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 92 (15): 6873–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.15.6873. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 41432. PMID 7624335. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
↑ Zhang, Fang; Lin Meihong, Abidi Parveen, Thiel Gerald, Liu Jingwen (Nov 2003). "Specific interaction of Egr1 and c/EBPbeta leads to the transcriptional activation of the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (45): 44246–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305564200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12947119. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
↑ 9.0 9.1 Silverman, E S; Du J, Williams A J, Wadgaonkar R, Drazen J M, Collins T (Nov 1998). "cAMP-response-element-binding-protein-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are transcriptional co-activators of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1)". Biochem. J. (ENGLAND) 336 (1): 183–9. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1219856. PMID 9806899. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
↑ Bae, Myung-Ho; Jeong Chul-Ho, Kim Se-Hee, Bae Moon-Kyoung, Jeong Joo-Won, Ahn Mee-Young, Bae Soo-Kyung, Kim Nam Deuk, Kim Chul Woo, Kim Kwang-Rok, Kim Kyu-Won (Oct 2002). "Regulation of Egr-1 by association with the proteasome component C8". Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Netherlands) 1592 (2): 163–7. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(02)00310-5. ISSN 0006-3002. PMID 12379479. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
↑ Liu, J; Grogan L, Nau M M, Allegra C J, Chu E, Wright J J (Apr 2001). "Physical interaction between p53 and primary response gene Egr-1". Int. J. Oncol. (Greece) 18 (4): 863–70. ISSN 1019-6439. PMID 11251186. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

External links

Zif 268 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
FactorBook Egr-1

PDB gallery

1a1f: DSNR (ZIF268 VARIANT) ZINC FINGER-DNA COMPLEX (GACC SITE)

1a1g: DSNR (ZIF268 VARIANT) ZINC FINGER-DNA COMPLEX (GCGT SITE)

1a1h: QGSR (ZIF268 VARIANT) ZINC FINGER-DNA COMPLEX (GCAC SITE)

1a1i: RADR (ZIF268 VARIANT) ZINC FINGER-DNA COMPLEX (GCAC SITE)

1a1j: RADR (ZIF268 VARIANT) ZINC FINGER-DNA COMPLEX (GCGT SITE)

1a1k: RADR (ZIF268 VARIANT) ZINC FINGER-DNA COMPLEX (GACC SITE)

1a1l: ZIF268 ZINC FINGER-DNA COMPLEX (GCAC SITE)

1aay: ZIF268 ZINC FINGER-DNA COMPLEX

1f2i: COCRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF SELECTED ZINC FINGER DIMER BOUND TO DNA

1jk1: Zif268 D20A Mutant Bound to WT DNA Site

1jk2: Zif268 D20A mutant bound to the GCT DNA site

1p47: Crystal Structure of tandem Zif268 molecules complexed to DNA

1zaa: ZINC FINGER-DNA RECOGNITION: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A ZIF268-DNA COMPLEX AT 2.1 ANGSTROMS

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)	Activating transcription factor (AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) · AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, JDP2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) · BACH (1, 2) · BATF · BLZF1 · C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) · CREB (1, 3, L1) · CREM · DBP · DDIT3 · GABPA · HLF · MAF (B, F, G, K) · NFE (2, L1, L2, L3) · NFIL3 · NRL · NRF (1, 2, 3) · XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)	ATOH1 · AhR · AHRR · ARNT · ASCL1 · BHLH (2, 3, 9) · BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) · CLOCK · EPAS1 · FIGLA · HAND (1, 2) · HES (5, 6) · HEY (1, 2, L) · HES1 · HIF (1A, 3A) · ID (1, 2, 3, 4) · LYL1 · MESP2 · MXD4 · MYCL1 · MYCN · Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) · Neurogenins (1, 2, 3) · NeuroD (1, 2) · NPAS (1, 2, 3) · OLIG (1, 2) · Pho4 · Scleraxis · SIM (1, 2) · TAL (1, 2) · Twist · USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP	AP-4 · MAX (MXD3) · MITF · MNT · MLX · MXI1 · Myc · SREBP (1, 2)

(1.4) NF-1	NFI (A, B, C, X) · SMAD (R-SMAD (1, 2, 3, 5, 9) - I-SMAD (6, 7) - 4)

(1.5) RF-X	RFX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ANK)

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)	AP-2 (α, β, γ, δ, ε)

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)	subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Androgen, Estrogen (α, β), Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone), Estrogen related (α, β, γ)) subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) · subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) · subfamily 6 (GCNF) · subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP)

(2.2) Other Cys₄	GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) · MTA (1, 2, 3) · TRPS1

(2.3) Cys₂His₂	General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE (1, 2), TFIIF (1, 2), TFIIH (1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2)) ATBF1 · BCL (6, 11A, 11B) · CTCF · E4F1 · EGR (1, 2, 3, 4) · ERV3 · GFI1 · GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, REST, S1, S2, YY1) · HIC (1, 2) · HIVEP (1, 2, 3) · IKZF (1, 2, 3) · ILF (2, 3) · KLF (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17) · MTF1 · MYT1 · OSR1 · PRDM9 · SALL (1, 2, 3, 4) · SP (1, 2, 4, 7, 8) · TSHZ3 · WT1 · Zbtb7 (7A, 7B) · ZBTB (11, 16, 17, 20, 32, 33, 40) · zinc finger (3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 300, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 423, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 644, 649, 655)

(2.4) Cys₆	HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition	AIRE · DIDO1 · GRLF1 · ING (1, 2, 4) · JARID (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2) · JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY	WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

(3.1) Homeodomain	ARX · CDX (1, 2) · CRX · CUTL1 · DBX (1, 2) · DLX (3, 4, 5) · EMX (1, 2) · EN (1, 2) · FHL (1, 2, 3) · HESX1 · HHEX · HLX · Homeobox (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) · HOPX · IRX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, MKX) · LMX (1A, 1B) · MEIS (1, 2) · MEOX2 · MNX1 · MSX (1, 2) · NANOG · NKX (2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-5, 3-1, 3-2, 6-1, 6-2) · NOBOX · PBX (1, 2, 3) · PHF (1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 20, 21A) · PHOX (2A, 2B) · PITX (1, 2, 3) · POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: A, B, C, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7, 11) · OTX (1, 2) · PDX1 · SATB2 · SHOX2 · SIX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · VAX1 · ZEB (1, 2)

(3.2) Paired box	PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) · PRRX (1, 2) · RAX

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix	E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · FOX proteins (A1, A2, A3, C1, C2, D3, D4, E1, E3, F1, G1, H1, I1, J1, J2, K1, K2, L2, M1, N1, N3, O1, O3, O4, P1, P2, P3, P4)

(3.4) Heat Shock Factors	HSF (1, 2, 4)

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters	ELF (2, 4, 5) · EGF · ELK (1, 3, 4) · ERF · ETS (1, 2, ERG, SPIB) · ETV (1, 4, 5, 6) · FLI1 · Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · MYB · MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain	transcriptional enhancer factor (1, 2, 3, 4)

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) · NFAT (C1, C2, C3, C4, 5)

(4.2) STAT	STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

(4.3) p53	p53 · TBX (1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 21, 22, TBR1, TBR2, TFT) · MYRF · TP63

(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 (A, B, C, D) · SRF

(4.6) TATA binding proteins	TBP · TBPL1

(4.7) High-mobility group	BBX · HMGB (1, 2, 3, 4) · HMGN (1, 2, 3, 4) · HNF (1A, 1B) · LEF1 · SOX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21) · SRY · SSRP1 · TCF (3, 4) · TOX (1, 2, 3, 4)

(4.9) Grainyhead	TFCP2

(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA, YBX1

(4.11) Runt	CBF (CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3, RUNX1T1)

(0) Other transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA (1, 2) · HBP1

(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb · RBL1 · RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 · EREBP · B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) · CAP · IFI (16, 35) · MLL (2, 3, T1) · MNDA · NFY (A, B, C) · Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies
B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)

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