Durban

Durban
Durban Beachfront Skyline
Durban  Durban shown within South Africa
Location within Durban  Durban
Coordinates: 29°53′S 31°03′E / 29.883°S 31.050°E / -29.883; 31.050Coordinates: 29°53′S 31°03′E / 29.883°S 31.050°E / -29.883; 31.050
Country	South Africa
Province	KwaZulu-Natal
Municipality	eThekwini
Established	1880[1]
Area[2]
• City	225.91 km2 (87.22 sq mi)
• Metro	2,292 km2 (885 sq mi)
Population (2011)[2]
• City	595,061
• Density	2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi)
• Metro[2]	3,442,361
• Metro density	1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)[2]
• Black African	51.1%
• Coloured	8.6%
• Indian/Asian	24.0%
• White	15.3%
• Other	0.9%
First languages (2011)[2]
• English	49.8%
• Zulu	33.1%
• Xhosa	5.9%
• Afrikaans	3.6%
• Other	7.6%
Postal code (street)	4001
PO box	4000
Area code	031
Website	www.durban.gov.za

Durban (Zulu: eThekwini, from itheku meaning 'bay / lagoon') is the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. It is also the second most important manufacturing hub in South Africa after Johannesburg. It forms part of the eThekwini metropolitan municipality. Durban is famous for being the busiest port in South Africa and Africa. It is also seen as one of the major centres of tourism because of the city's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches. The municipality, which includes neighbouring towns, has a population of almost 3.5 million,^[3] making the combined municipality the biggest city on the east coast of the African continent. The metropolitan land area of 2,292 square kilometres (885 sq mi) is comparatively larger than other South African cities, resulting in a somewhat lower population density of 1,513 /km² (3,920 /sq mi).^[4]

History

Archaeological evidence from the Drakensberg mountains suggests that the Durban area has been inhabited by communities of hunter-gatherers since 100,000 BC. These people lived throughout the area of present day KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of Bantu farmers and pastoralists from the north saw their gradual displacement, incorporation or extermination.

Little is known of the history of the first residents, as there is no written history of the area until it was sighted by Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, who sailed parallel to the KwaZulu-Natal coast at Christmastide in 1497 while searching for a route from Europe to India. He named the area "Natal", or Christmas in Portuguese.^[5]

First European settlers

The modern city of Durban dates from 1824, when a party of 25 men under British Lieutenant F. G. Farewell arrived from the Cape Colony and established a settlement on the northern shore of the Bay of Natal, near today's Farewell Square. Accompanying Farewell was an adventurer named Henry Francis Fynn. Fynn was able to befriend the Zulu King Shaka by helping him to recover from a stab wound he suffered in battle. As a token of Shaka's gratitude, he granted Fynn a "30-mile strip of coast a hundred miles in depth."^[6]

During a meeting of 35 European residents in Fynn's territory on 23 June 1835, it was decided to build a capital town and name it "d'Urban" after Sir Benjamin d'Urban, then governor of the Cape Colony.^[7]

Republic of Natalia

The Voortrekkers established the Republic of Natalia in 1838, with its capital at Pietermaritzburg.

Reports filtered back to the Cape Colony of mistreatment of the Zulu by the Voortrekkers. The governor of the Cape Colony dispatched a force under Captain Charlton Smith to re-establish British rule in Port Natal. The force arrived on 4 May 1842 and built a fortification that was later to be The Old Fort. On the night of 23/24 May 1842 the British attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella. The attack failed, and the British had to withdraw to their camp which was put under siege. A local trader Dick King and his servant Ndongeni were able to escape the blockade and rode to Grahamstown, a distance of 600 km (372.82 mi) in fourteen days to raise reinforcements. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the Voortrekkers retreated, and the siege was raised.^[8]

Fierce conflict with the Zulu population led to the evacuation of Durban, and eventually the Afrikaners accepted British annexation in 1844 under military pressure.

British colonial rule

A British governor was appointed to the region and many settlers emigrated from Europe and the Cape Colony. The British established a sugar cane industry in the 1860s. Farm owners had a difficult time attracting Zulu labourers to work on their plantations, so the British brought thousands of indentured labourers from India on twenty five-year contracts. As a result of the importation of Indian labourers, Durban has the largest Asian community on the African continent, and have the second largest Indian population outside of India after the island of Mauritius.^{[citation needed]}

Durban's historic regalia

When the Borough of Durban was proclaimed in 1854, the council had to procure a seal for official documents. The seal was produced in 1855 and was replaced in 1882. The new seal contained a coat of arms without helmet or mantling that combined the coats of arms of Sir Benjamin D’Urban and Sir Benjamin Pine. An application was made to register the coat of arms with the College of Arms in 1906, but this application was rejected on grounds that the design implied that D’Urban and Pine were husband and wife. Nevertheless, the coat of arms appeared on the council’s stationery from about 1912. The following year, a helmet and mantling was added to the council’s stationery and to the new city seal that was made in 1936.

The blazon of the arms registered by the South African Bureau of Heraldry and granted to Durban on 9 February 1979. The coat of arms fell into disuse with the reorganisation of the South African local government structure in 2000. The seal ceased to be used in 1995.^[9][10]

Durban today

Today, Durban is the busiest container port in Africa^[11] and a popular tourist destination. The Golden Mile, developed as a welcoming tourist destination in the 1970s, as well as Durban at large, provide ample tourist attractions, particularly for people on holiday from Gauteng. The Golden Mile was redeveloped late 2009 in time for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It was resurfaced and widened between Ushaka Marine World and Moses Mabhida Stadium. Durban's most popular beaches are also located along the Golden Mile. The city is also a gateway to the national parks and historic sites of Zulu Kingdom and the Drakensberg.

Government and politics

With the end of apartheid, Durban was subject to restructuring of local government. The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality was formed in 1994 after South Africa's first multiracial elections, with its first mayor being Sipho Ngwenya. The mayor is elected for a five-year term; however Sipho Ngwenya only served two years. In 1996, the city was changed to Durban UniCity in July 1996 and to eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in 1999. In July 1996, Obed Mlaba was appointed mayor of Durban UniCity; in 1999 he was elected to mayor of the eThekwini municipality and re-elected in 2006. Following the May 2011 local elections, James Nxumalo, the former Speaker of the Council, was elected as the new mayor.

The name of the Durban municipal government, prior to the post-apartheid reorganisations of municipalities, was the Durban Corporation or City of Durban.^[12]

The Freedom of Expression Institute has reported that there have been problems with the Municipality allowing shack dwellers their legal right to march.^[13]

Evictions and political controversy

The attack on Kennedy Road informal settlement by an armed mob in 2009 in Durban put local government under sustained scrutiny. It was reported by members of the Abahlali baseMjondolo movement that the attackers were affiliated with the local branch of the African National Congress and associated with the municipal councillor for the ward. It was claimed that the attack was carefully planned and sanctioned by the police department.^[14][15] Academic research seems to confirm that the attackers self-identified as ANC members and that ANC leaders at Municipal and Provincial level later provided public sanction for the attack.^[16][17] Following the attack AbM and the KRDC, democratically elected structures,^[16] were removed from the settlement^[16] and the provincial government replaced these structures with an unelected ANC affiliated Community Policing Forum.^[16] The attacks and forced removal of AbM from the settlement garnered national and international condemnation.^{[18][19][20][21] [22]}

The government has been under sustained controversy for their eviction of shackdwellers in the Cato Crest area despite a court interdict ordering them not to do so.^[23][24] The General Council of the Bar has also expressed concern over the evictions.^[25]

Geography and climate

Durban has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot and humid summers and pleasantly warm and dry winters, which are frost-free. Durban has an annual rainfall of 1,009 millimetres (39.7 in) The average temperature in summer ranges around 28 °C (82 °F) while in winter the average temperature is 20 °C (68 °F). Sunrise in Durban on summer solstice occurs at 04h45 and sunset at 19h00; on winter solstice sunrise is at 06h30 and sunset at 17h20. The rainy season is in summer which begins sometime in November, ending in mid-April. Summers are sunny, hot and humid during the day, but are relieved by afternoon or evening thunderstorms. The city is also occasionally affected by tropical storms and cyclones during the cyclone season which is from 15 November to 30 April. Winters, which are from June to August, are generally warm and sunny.

Durban and its suburbs are hilly, except for locations in and around the central business district and the harbour.

Climate data for Durban (1961−1990)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	36.2 (97.2)	33.9 (93)	34.8 (94.6)	36.0 (96.8)	33.8 (92.8)	35.7 (96.3)	33.8 (92.8)	35.9 (96.6)	36.9 (98.4)	40.0 (104)	33.5 (92.3)	35.9 (96.6)	40.0 (104)
Average high °C (°F)	27.8 (82)	28.0 (82.4)	27.7 (81.9)	26.1 (79)	24.5 (76.1)	23.0 (73.4)	22.6 (72.7)	22.8 (73)	23.3 (73.9)	24.0 (75.2)	25.2 (77.4)	26.9 (80.4)	25.2 (77.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	24.1 (75.4)	24.3 (75.7)	23.7 (74.7)	21.6 (70.9)	19.1 (66.4)	16.6 (61.9)	16.5 (61.7)	17.7 (63.9)	19.2 (66.6)	20.1 (68.2)	21.4 (70.5)	23.1 (73.6)	20.6 (69.1)
Average low °C (°F)	21.1 (70)	21.1 (70)	20.3 (68.5)	17.4 (63.3)	13.8 (56.8)	10.6 (51.1)	10.5 (50.9)	12.5 (54.5)	15.3 (59.5)	16.8 (62.2)	18.3 (64.9)	20.0 (68)	16.5 (61.7)
Record low °C (°F)	14.0 (57.2)	13.3 (55.9)	11.6 (52.9)	8.6 (47.5)	4.9 (40.8)	3.5 (38.3)	2.6 (36.7)	2.6 (36.7)	4.5 (40.1)	8.3 (46.9)	10.3 (50.5)	11.8 (53.2)	2.6 (36.7)
Rainfall mm (inches)	134 (5.28)	113 (4.45)	120 (4.72)	73 (2.87)	59 (2.32)	28 (1.1)	39 (1.54)	62 (2.44)	73 (2.87)	98 (3.86)	108 (4.25)	102 (4.02)	1,009 (39.72)
Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)	15.2	12.9	12.6	9.2	6.8	4.5	4.9	7.1	11.0	15.1	16.0	15.0	130.3
% humidity	80	80	80	78	76	72	72	75	77	78	79	79	77
Mean monthly sunshine hours	184.0	178.8	201.6	206.4	223.6	224.9	230.4	217.0	173.3	169.4	166.1	189.9	2,365.4
Source #1: World Meteorological Organization[26]
Source #2: NOAA (sun, extremes and humidity)[27]

Demographics

Durban is ethnically diverse, with a cultural richness of mixed beliefs and traditions. Zulus form the largest single ethnic group. It has a large number of people of British descent and has densely more overseas Indians than any other city outside India.^[28]

The city’s demographics indicate that 68% of the population are of working age, and 38% of the people in Durban are under the age of 19 years.^[29]

Economy

The Durban Metropolitan Area (DMA) has a large and diversified economy with strong manufacturing, tourism, transportation, finance and government sectors. Its coastal location and large port gives it comparative advantage over many other centres in South Africa for export-related industry. Durban's subtropical climate, warm marine current and culturally diverse population has also provided a drawcard for tourism to the region.

Durban remains the third richest city in South Africa.

The city has revitalised its inner areas with the new Durban Point Waterfront development south-east of downtown sporting uShaka Marine World and many new residential and leisure developments. It is hoped efforts by the city to clean up the business district, new developments in Point and the 2010 FIFA World Cup stadium north of the CBD (Moses Mabidha Stadium) will aid in the economic turnaround. In 2010 Durban was rated a Gamma level Global City.

Durban's economic contribution to the region

The Durban Metropolitan Area is the main economic driver in KwaZulu-Natal, contributing over half of the province's output, employment and income. In national terms, Durban is the second most important economic complex after Gauteng, accounting for 15% of national output, 14% of household income and 11% of national employment. Regional development corridors link Durban northwards to Richards Bay and Maputo, and westward to Pietermaritzburg and Johannesburg.

Informal sector

The city's treatment of shack dwellers has been strongly criticised by a report from the United Nations linked Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions^[30] and there has also been strong criticism of the city's treatment of street traders,^[31][32] street children^[33] and sex workers.^[34]

Civil society

There are a number of prominent civil society organisations based in ethekwini. These include: Abahlali baseMjondolo (shackdwellers') movement^[35] which has over 10,000 members, the Diakonia Council of Churches, the Right2Know Campaign, the South Durban Community Environmental Alliance and the South African Unemployed Peoples' Movement.^{[36][37][38][39][40][41]}

Visitor attractions

• The Golden Mile
• Suncoast Casino and Entertainment World
• The Victoria Embankment (also known as the Esplanade) is home to many tourist sites.
• The International Convention Centre (ICC) – the leading conference centre in Africa for the last 5 years, and rated 4th in the world in 2005.
• uShaka Marine World, one of the largest aquariums in the world.
• Sahara Stadium Kingsmead is a major test match and one-day cricket venue.
• Kings Park Stadium (previously known for sponsorship reasons as ABSA Stadium) is host to the internationally renowned Sharks Rugby Team.
• Florida Road
• Gateway Theatre of Shopping
• Greyville Racecourse (home of the Durban July Handicap) and Durban Country Club and golf course.
• Moses Mabhida Stadium
• Umgeni River Bird Park
• The Markets of Warwick - possibly the largest informal street market in South Africa
• The Pavilion Shopping Centre

Communications and media

Two major English-language daily newspapers are published in Durban, both part of the Independent Newspapers, the national group owned by Irish media magnate Tony O'Reilly. These are the morning editions of The Mercury and the afternoon Daily News. Like most news media in South Africa, they have seen declining circulations in recent years. Major Zulu language papers comprise Isolezwe ( Independent Newspapers), UmAfrika and Ilanga, the latter being seen to be politically aligned to the IFP. Independent Newspapers also publish Post, a newspaper aimed largely at the Indian community. A national Sunday paper, the Sunday Tribune is also published by Independent Newspapers as is the Independent on Saturday.

A variety of free weekly suburban newspapers are published by the Caxton Group and there are numerous "community" newspapers, some of which are short lived and others which have had stable tenure. The tabloid newspaper group situated in North Coast Road, Durban has also added to the variety of community newspapers. They have ten newspaper publications, three of them in the isiZulu language. Community newspapers target specific areas or zones rooting out and exposing community issues like a magnifying glass. These papers rely solely on advertising revenue and are delivered to each house hold irrespective of race or wealth. Many journalists gain experience at these papers before moving on to other major national publications.

A major city initiative is the eZasegagasini Metro Gazette (). It is the official newspaper of the eThekwini Municipality, through which ratepayers and residents are kept informed about projects, programmes and activities of the eThekwini Municipality. It is also a forum for readers’ views. Published fortnightly, the newspaper hits the streets on a Friday morning, with 400 000 copies distributed in English and Zulu. The publication is an in-house product of the Municipality’s Communications Department.

The national broadcaster, the SABC, has regional offices in Durban and operates two major stations here, the Zulu language Ukhozi FM with a huge national listenership of over 6.67 million which makes it the second largest radio station in the world. The SABC also operates Radio Lotus, which is aimed at South Africans of Indian origin. The other SABC national stations have smaller regional offices here, as does TV for news links and sports broadcasts. A major English language radio station, East Coast Radio (), operates out of Durban and is owned by SA media giant Kagiso Media. There are a number of smaller stations which are independent, having been granted licences by ICASA, the national agency charged with the issue of broadcast licences.

Sports teams and stadium

Durban is home to the Natal Sharks who compete in the domestic Currie Cup competition as well as in the international Super Rugby competition. The Sharks play out of the 56,000 capacity Kings Park Stadium, sometimes referred to as the Shark Tank – currently it is known as the Growthpoint Kings Park for sponsorship reasons.

The City is home to two clubs in the Premier Soccer League—AmaZulu, and Golden Arrows. AmaZulu play most of their home games at the Moses Mabhida Stadium. While Golden Arrows play most of their home games at the King Zwelithini Stadium in the suburb of Umlazi, but sometimes play some of their matches at Moses Mabhida Stadium or Chatsworth Stadium.

Durban is also host to the Dolphins, the provincial cricket team. Shaun Pollock, Lance Klusener and Barry Richards all come from the Dolphins (although it was formally called Natal). Cricket in Durban is played at Sahara Stadium Kingsmead.

Durban hosted matches in the 2003 ICC Cricket World Cup. In 2007 the city hosted nine matches, including a semi-final, as part of the inaugural ICC World Twenty20. The 2009 IPL season was played in South Africa, and Durban was selected as a venue. 2010 saw the city host six matches, including a semi-final, in the 2010 Champions League Twenty20.

Durban was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup and is the host of an A1GP motor race, driven on a street track. Durban hosted the 123rd IOC Session in July 2011.

The city is home to Greyville Racecourse, a major thoroughbred horse racing venue which annually hosts a number of prestigious races including the country's premier event, the July Handicap, and the premier staying event in South Africa, the Gold Cup. Another well-equipped Racecourse is located at Clairwood, just south of the city centre.

A professional tennis venue is located at Westridge Park near The Berea, and an Olympic-standard swimming pool is found in the Kings Park Sporting Precinct. In addition to these venues, Durban has facilities for Water Polo, Hockey, and other sports, most notably the outstanding beach front which has played host to numerous water sports events such as the Mr Price Pro (previously known as the Gunston 500) surfing competition and the related Ocean Action festival. Beach volleyball is regularly played on local beaches and Powerboat racing has taken place in the Harbour. Durban and surrounding areas are also well patronised by Professional and Amateur golfers, with the golf course at Durban Country Club near the CBD being particularly well-known.

Durban is home to Chad Le Clos, the 200 meter butterfly Olympic Champion in swimming in 2012.

Transport

Air

King Shaka International Airport services both domestic and international flights, with regularly scheduled services to Dubai, Lusaka, Maputo, Mauritius & Harare. The airport opened in May 2010, replacing all operations from Durban International Airport. King Shaka International Airport handled over 5 million passengers in the 2011/2012 year, up over 5.3 percent from the 2010/2011 year. King Shaka International Airport was constructed at La Mercy, about 36 kilometres (22 mi) north of central Durban. All operations at Durban International have been transferred to King Shaka International as of 1 May 2010; with plans for flights to Singapore, London, Doha, Mumbai, Australia, Gaborone, Windhoek, Luanda, Lilongwe & Nairobi.

The Durban International Airport was used by the South African Defence Force during the 2010 FIFA World Cup and as a secondary airport to handle overflow. The airport serves as a major gateway for travellers to KwaZulu-Natal and the Drakensberg.

Sea

Durban has a long tradition as a port city. The Port of Durban, which was formerly known as the Port of Natal, is one of the few natural harbours between Port Elizabeth and Maputo, and is also located at the beginning of a particular weather phenomenon which can cause extremely violent seas. These two features made Durban an extremely busy port of call for ship repairs when the port was opened in the 1840s. The Port of Durban is now the busiest port in South Africa, as well as the third busiest container port in the Southern Hemisphere.

The modern Port of Durban grew around trade from Johannesburg, as the industrial and mining capital of South Africa is not located on any navigable body of water. Thus, products being shipped from Johannesburg outside of South Africa have to be loaded onto trucks or railways and transported to Durban. The Port of Maputo was unavailable for use until the early 1990s due to civil war and an embargo against South African products. There is now an intense rivalry between Durban and Maputo for shipping business.

Salisbury Island now joined to the mainland and part of the Port of Durban, was formerly a full naval base until it was downgraded in 2002. It now contains a naval station and other military facilities. The future of the base, however, is uncertain, as there is increasing demand to use Salisbury Island as part of the port facilities, and for access to Africa's east coast.^[42]

Rail

Durban featured the first operating steam railway in South Africa when the Natal Railway Company started operating a line between the Point and the city of Durban in 1860.^[43]

Durban is well-served by railways due to its role as the largest trans-shipment point for goods from the interior of South Africa. Shosholoza Meyl, the passenger rail service of Spoornet, operates two long-distance passenger rail services from Durban: a daily service to and from Johannesburg via Pietermaritzburg and Newcastle, and a weekly service to and from Cape Town via Kimberley and Bloemfontein. These trains terminate at Durban railway station.

Metrorail operates a commuter rail service in Durban and the surrounding area. The Metrorail network runs from Durban Station outwards as far as Stanger on the north coast, Kelso on the south coast, and Cato Ridge inland.

A high speed rail link has been proposed, between Johannesburg and Durban.^[44]

Roads

The city's main position as a port of entry onto the southern African continent has led to a development of national roads around it. The N3 Western Freeway; which links Durban with the economic hinterland of Gauteng heads west out of the city. The N2 Outer Ring Road links Durban with the Eastern Cape to the south, and Mpumalanga in the north. The Western Freeway is particularly important because freight is shipped by truck to and from the Witwatersrand for transfer to the port.

The N3 Western Freeway starts in the central business district and heads west under Tollgate Bridge and through the suburbs of Sherwood and Mayville. The EB Cloete Interchange (which is informally nicknamed the Spaghetti Junction) lies to the east of Westville, allowing for transfer of traffic between the N2 Outer Ring Road and the Western Freeway.

The N2 Outer Ring Road cuts through the city from the north coast to the south coast. It provides a vital link to the Durban International Airport and to the coastal towns (such as Scottburgh and Stanger) that rely on Durban.

Durban also has a system of freeway and dual arterial metropolitan routes, which connect the sprawling suburbs that lie to the north, west and south of the city. The M4 exists in two segments: The northern segment, named the Leo Boyd Highway, starts as an alternative highway at Ballito where it separates from the N2. It passes through the northern suburbs of Umghlanga and La-Lucia where it becomes a dual carriageway and ends at the northern edge of the CBD. The southern segment of the M4, the Albert Luthuli ^[45] Highway, starts at the southern edge of the CBD, connecting through to the Durban International Airport, where it once again reconnects with the N2 Outer Ring Road.

The M7 connects the southern industrial basin with the N3 and Pinetown via Queensburgh via the N2. The M19 connects the northern suburbs with Pinetown via Westville.

The M13 is an untolled alternative to the N3 Western Freeway (which is tolled at Mariannhill). It also feeds traffic through Gillitts, Kloof, and Westville. In the Westville area it is called the Jan Smuts Highway, while in the Kloof area it is named the Arthur Hopewell Highway.

A number of streets in Durban were renamed in the late 2000s to the names of figures related to the anti-apartheid struggle, persons related to liberation movements around the world (including Che Guevera, Kenneth Kaunda and SWAPO), and others associated with the governing African National Congress.^[46] A few street names were changed in the first round of renaming, followed by a larger second round.^[47] The renamings provoked incidents of vandalism,^[48] as well as protests from opposition parties^[49] and members of the public.^[50]

Buses

The Durban People Mover is a tourist-oriented bus service which runs every 15 minutes and consists of three routes within the central business district and along the beachfront, connecting various attractions.^[51]

Several companies run long-distance bus services from Durban to the other cities in South Africa. Buses have a long history in Durban. Most of them run by Indian owners since the early 1930`s. Privately owned buses who are not subsidised by the government service the communities timeoulsy. Buses operate in all areas of the eThekwini Municipality. Since 2003 buses have been violently taken out of the routes and bus ranks by taxi operators.^{[citation needed]} This has brought bus operations into disarray. Bus owners have bought into taxi operations using their bus permits to make a living.

Durban was previously served by the Durban trolleybus system from 1935 to 1968; before that, it was served by the Durban tramway network from 1880–1949.

Taxis

Durban has two kinds of taxis: metered taxis and minibus taxis. Unlike many cities, metered taxis are not allowed to drive around the city to solicit fares and instead must be called and ordered to a specific location. There are a number of companies which service the Durban and surrounding regions. These taxis can also be called upon for airport transfers, point to point pick ups and shuttles.

Mini bus taxis are the standard form of transport for the majority of the population who cannot afford private cars.^[52][53][54] With the high demand for transport by the working class of South Africa, minibus taxis are often filled over their legal passenger allowance, making for high casualty rates when minibuses are involved in accidents. Minibuses are generally owned and operated in fleets, and inter-operator violence flares up from time to time, especially as turf wars over lucrative taxi routes occur.^[55]

Rickshaws

Durban is also famous for its iconic Zulu Rickshaw pullers navigating throughout the city. These colourful characters are famous for their giant, vibrant hats and costumes. Although they had been a mode of transportation since the early 1900s, they have been displaced by other forms of motorised transport, and the 25 or so remaining rickshaws mostly cater to tourists today.^[56]

Suburbs

Educational institutions

Private schools

Al Falaah College Clifton School Eden College, South Africa Crawford College, La Lucia Crawford College, North Coast Deutsche Schule Durban Durban Girls' College Highbury Preparatory School Hillcrest Christian Academy Highway College Holy Family College Eden College Durban Glenwood Christian School

Kearsney College Inanda Seminary School St Henry's Marist Brothers' College Maris Stella School Oakridge College Orient Islamic School Jasmine Codd School St. Mary's D.S.G. Thomas More College Roseway Waldorf School Star College Victory Christian Academy

Public schools

Atholl Heights Primary School Apollo Secondary School Arena Park Secondary School Assegai Primary School Atholton Primary School Austerville Primary School Avoca Primary School Avoca Secondary School Bechet High School Berea Primary School Bonela Primary School Brettonwood High School Brighton Beach Senior Primary Carrington Heights Primary School Chatsworth High School Chelsea Preparatory School Clarence Primary School Crossmoor Secondary School Crystalpiont Secondary School Daleview Secondary School Dawnridge Primary school Dr AD Lazarus Secondary School Durban Academy High School Durban Girls' High School (DGHS) Durban High School (DHS) Durban North College Durban Preparatory High School (DPHS) Durban School for the Hearing Impaired Effingham Primary School Effingham Secondary School Fairvale Secondary School Fulton School for the Deaf Foresthaven Secondary Gelofte High School George Campbell School of Technology Glenwood High School Glenwood Preparatory School

Glenover Secondary school Greenbury Secondary School Greenheights Primary School Grosvenor Boys High School Grosvenor Girls High School Grove End Secondary School Hillgrove Secondary School (HSS) Hillcrest High School Hunt Road Secondary Isipingo Secondary School[57] John Dube High School Kainon Primary School Kharwastan Secondary School Kingsway High School Kloof High School Kloof Junior Primary School Kloof Pre-Primary School Kloof Senior Primary School Kuswag Skool KwaMgaga High School Kwatintwa School for the Deaf Montclair Senior Primary School Lenarea Secondary School Mowat Park High School Mzuvele Secondary School New Forest High School New Germany Primary School Nhlanhlayethu secondary school Northlands Girls' High School Northmead Secondary School Northwood School NqabakaZulu Comprehensive High School Ogwini Comprehensive High School Open Air School Palmcroft Primary School Parkside Primary School Parkhill Secondary School Parlock Primary School Penzance Primary School Pinetown Boys' High School Pinetown Girls' High School Port Natal High School Queensburgh Girls' High School Queensburgh High School Reservoir Hills Secondary School Ridge Park College Sastri College Savannah Park Secondary School Sibonelo High School Sishosonke High School Sivananda Technical College and High School Stanmore Secondary School Swelihle High School Umbilo Secondary School Virginia Preparatory School[58] V N Naik School for the Deaf Velabahleke High School Vukuzakhe High School Wentworth High School Werda Hoërskool Westcliff Secondary School Westham Secondary School Westville Boys' High School Westville Girls' High School Winston Park Primary School Wingen Heights Secondary School Werda High School Zakhe High School Zeph Dlomo High School Zwelibanzi High School zwelihle senior secondary school

Tertiary institutions

• University of KwaZulu-Natal
• Durban University of Technology
• Mangosuthu University of Technology
• Damelin
• Varsity College
• Regent Business School

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Durban is twinned with:^[59]

Alexandria, Egypt Baku, Azerbaijan Chicago, Illinois, USA Leeds, UK Rotterdam, Netherlands Guangzhou, China[60]

Nantes, France Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium Bremen, Germany[61] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Le Port, Réunion[62][63] Daejeon, South Korea

Bulawayo, Zimbabwe New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Oran, Algeria Eilat, Israel Maracaibo, Venezuela Kaohsiung, Taiwan

See also

• Art Deco in Durban
• Black December
• Durban Industry Climate Change Partnership Project (DICCPP)
• Durban International Film Festival
• World Conference against Racism 2001 – held in Durban

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Durban.

• eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
• Durban Tourism Bureau
• Durban travel guide from Wikivoyage

v t e Communities of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Seat: Durban Cities and towns Adams Mission Amanzimtoti Assagay Buffelsdraai Cato Ridge Chatsworth Chesterville Clermont Doonside Drummond Durban EkuPhakameni Hillcrest Illovo Illovo Beach Inanda Inchanga Karridene Kingsburgh KwaMashu La Mercy Lamontville Mount Edgecombe Mount Moreland Mpumalanga New Germany Ntuzuma Phoenix Pinetown Tongaat Umbogintwini Umbumbulu Umdloti Umgababa Umhlanga Umkomaas Verulam Warner Beach Winklespruit Suburbs of Durban Central Asherville (area) Berea (area) The Bluff (area) Cato Manor Essenwood Glenwood Mayville Morningside Overport (area) Stamford Hill Sydenham Windermere Yellowwood Park Northern Durban North KwaMashu Mount Edgecombe Phoenix Umdloti Umhlanga Western Botha's Hill Cowies Hill Gillitts Hillcrest Kloof New Germany Pinetown Queensburgh Westville Winston Park Shallcross Southern Amanzimtoti Chatsworth Isipingo Beach Umlazi Other Bellair Montclair Reservoir Hills Rossburgh Umbilo Woodhaven Woodlands

v t e Province of KwaZulu-Natal Capital: Pietermaritzburg Largest city: Durban Population: 10,819,130 (2011) Land area: 94,361 km2 Topics History Government Politics Economy Climate Ecology Government Premier Legislature High Court Municipalities History Zulu Kingdom Natalia Republic Colony of Natal Natal Province KwaZulu Cities and major towns Durban Pietermaritzburg Pinetown Empangeni Ladysmith Richards Bay Newcastle Queensburgh Kokstad Vryheid