Drug cartel

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A drug cartel is a criminal organization developed with the primary purpose of promoting and controlling drug trafficking operations. They range from loosely managed agreements among various drug traffickers to formalized commercial enterprises. The term was applied when the largest trafficking organizations reached an agreement to coordinate the production and distribution of cocaine. Since that agreement was broken up, drug cartels are no longer actually cartels, but the term stuck and it is now popularly used to refer to any criminal narcotics related organization, such as those in Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, South Korea, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Japan, Italy, United States, Colombia, Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Below is the basic structure of the drug cartels in Mexico:

  • Falcons (Halcones): Considered the "eyes and ears" of the streets, the 'falcons' are the lowest rank in any drug cartel. They are responsible for supervising and reporting the activities of the military and their rival groups.[1]
  • Hitmen (Sicarios): The armed group within the drug cartel that are responsible for carrying out assassinations, kidnappings, thefts, extortions, operating protection rackets, and defending their 'plaza' from rival groups and the military.[2][3]
  • Lieutenants (Lugartenientes): The second highest position in the drug cartel organization that are responsible for supervising the hitmen and falcons within their own territory. They are allowed to carry out low-profile executions without permission from their bosses.[4]
  • Drug lords (Capos): The highest position in any drug cartel that are responsible for supervising the entire drug industry, appointing territorial leaders, making alliances, and planning high-profile executions.[5]

It is worth noting that there are other operating groups within the drug cartels. For example, the drug producers and suppliers,[6] although not considered in the basic structure, are critical operators of any drug cartel, along with the financers and money launderers.[7][8][9] In addition, the arms suppliers operate in a completely different circle,[10] and are technically not considered part of the cartel’s logistics.

United States

Map of violent crime per 100,000 people in the USA by state in 2004.

The United States of America is the world's largest consumer of illegal drugs.[citation needed] This is a list of American criminal organizations involved in illegal drug traffic, drug trade and other related crimes in the United States:

Other American organizations involved (or that have been involved) in drug trade or traffic. It is worth mentioning, however, that this does not necessarily imply for the whole institutions mentioned below, just a selected few within it:

Mexico

The Mérida Initiative, a U.S. Counter-Narcotics Assistance to Mexico

Mexican cartels (also known in Mexico as: La Mafia (the mafia or the mob), La Maña (the bad manners),[22] Narcotraficantes (Narco-Traffickers), or simply as Narcos) is a generic term that usually refers to several, usually rival, criminal organizations involved in the Mexican Drug War:[23]

Several other are lesser-known small-criminal organizations:

Other organizations involved (or have been involved) in the drug trade in Mexico. It is worth mentioning, however, that this does not necessarily imply for the whole institutions mentioned below, just a selected few within it:

[43] [44]

Colombia

Colombia, with a strong anti-narcotic strategy, has fought against groups responsible for the production of cocaine, achieving a great decrease in cocaine production. Thanks to this, White House drug czar R. Gil Kerlikowske announced that Colombia is no longer the world's biggest producer of cocaine. The production of cocaine continues to decline in this country.[54]

Colombian Cartels is a generic term that usually refers to various criminal organizations involved in Illegal drug trade in Colombia:

Other organizations in Colombia involved in drug trafficking include:

  • ELN (Weakened by a US-backed counter-insurgency plan)
  • FARC (Weakened by a US-backed counter-insurgency plan)

Historical actors in the drug trade were:

Italy

Russia

Afghanistan

Other parts of the world

References

  1. ↑ "Va Marina por 'halcones del crimen organizado". Blog del Narco. 21 April 2011. 
  2. ↑ Bowden, Charles (Feb 6, 2011). "El sicario, un documental proscrito en México (1)". 
  3. ↑ Bowden, Charles (Feb 6, 2011). "El sicario, un documental proscrito en México (2)". 
  4. ↑ "Ejército detiene a lugarteniente del cártel del Golfo". El Universal. 2 June 2009. 
  5. ↑ "DATOS - Principales capos de la droga en México". International Business Times. Retrieved November 6, 2010. 
  6. ↑ "Uncovering the link between the Mexican drug cartels". National Defense University: Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies. 
  7. ↑ "Las 5 caras del lavado de dinero". CNNExpansión. 8 June 2010. 
  8. ↑ "Cae "El Adal" operador financiero de los Zetas". TV Milenio. Retrieved 3 August 2011. 
  9. ↑ "Cae "El Míchel" operador financiero de Los Zetas en Aguascalientes". Tele Diario. Retrieved 3 August 2011. 
  10. ↑ "Entrevista a el Mamito, presunto fundador de los Zetas". CNN Videos. Jul 6, 2011. 
  11. ↑ Israeli mafia#The Israeli mafia in the United States
  12. ↑ "Members of Texas Syndicate gang arrested, drugs taken off streets". KVUE News. February 8, 2011. 
  13. ↑ "Asesinan en Monterrey a capo de la ‘Mexican mafia’". Esmas.com. 11/02/06. 
  14. ↑ Tinoco, Alberto (02/07/05). "Radiografía de la Mara Salvatrucha en México". Esmas.com. 
  15. ↑ "Mexican Drug Cartels: You Want Silver or Lead? Part 2". © 2009 BanderasNews. September 23, 2010. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "EU arrestó a 127 agentes aduanales corrompidos por narco mexicanos". Mundo Narco. 06/09/2011. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Detienen a agente aduanal por narco". El Mañana/El Universal. Domingo, 29 de Julio de 2007. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Juan García Ábrego
  19. ↑ Allegations of CIA drug trafficking
  20. ↑ CIA and Contras cocaine trafficking in the US
  21. ↑ ATF gunwalking scandal
  22. ↑ "Controla 'La Maña' a Reynosa, Tamaulipas". Terra Noticias. 2 March 2009. 
  23. ↑ Guerrero Gutiérrez, Eduardo. "At the root of the violence". Nexos. Retrieved 9 October 2011. 
  24. ↑ Castillo, Mariano (May 18, 2007). "‘Gente Nueva’ enter border drug wars". Laredo Morning Times. 
  25. ↑ "La Resistencia, nueva organización delictiva en Guadalajara". Mundo Narco. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Los Aztecas fueron los asesinos; en EU y México hay 5 mil". La Razón. 
  27. ↑ "Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación va contra todos". Blog Del Narco. 
  28. ↑ "Capturan a "El Padrino", identificado como líder del Cártel Independiente de Acapulco". Milenio TV. 
  29. ↑ "Narcos de Morelos se pelean por el DF". Milenio Noticias (online). 2010-10-15. 
  30. ↑ Romero, Óscar Romero (2011-07-22). "Presuntos narcos revelan red policial de protección". Milenio Noticias. 
  31. ↑ "Aparece el Cártel de La Calle en Chiapas". Blog del Narco. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  32. ↑ "Se presenta el Cártel de la Sierra en Guerrero con seis ejecutados". La Crónica. 2010-07-27. 
  33. ↑ "¿Quienes son "La Mano Con Ojos"". Mundo Narco. 
  34. ↑ "Caen cuatro sicarios de los "Artistas asesinos" en Chihuahua". El Economista. 
  35. ↑ Cruz, Juan Manuel (Martes 05 de julio de 2011). "Caen seis presuntos integrantes de Los Mexicles". El Universal. 
  36. ↑ Cacho, Lydia. "La otra historia de ‘La Barbie’". Zócalo Saltillo. 
  37. ↑ Otero, Sylvia (20 August 2003). "Surge nuevo 'narcoperfil'". El Universal. 
  38. ↑ "Caen otros seis integrantes de La Barredora". Blog del Narco. Retrieved 24 August 2011. 
  39. ↑ "El Comando del Diablo aceptan tregua con condiciones en Guerrero". Universo Narco (Noticias). 25 August 2011. 
  40. ↑ "Capturan a varios integrantes del grupo La Oficina". Blog del Narco. Retrieved 9 September 2011. 
  41. ↑ Cobos González, Carmen (Miércoles, 14 de Mayo de 2003). "Desmantela Ejército banda de Los Texas". PRESIDENCIA DE LA REPÚBLICA • MÉXICO. 
  42. ↑ "Caen tres por crimen de Policía Municipal". Mundo Narco. 
  43. ↑ Pedraza, Iván (2011-02-02). "Investiga PGR a policías federales relacionados con el narco en Sonora". Milenio Televisión. 
  44. ↑ "Detienen en Colima a 36 policías estatales por vínculos con el narco". Periodico Realidad BCS. 2011-02-16. 
  45. ↑ "Ejército ha procesado a 142 soldados por nexos con el narco". Animal Politico. 06/09/2011. 
  46. ↑ "Sedena procesa a 13 militares por nexos con el narco". La Policiaca. 
  47. ↑ Otero, Silvia (2010-03-20). "En prisión, 40 militares por nexos con el narco". El Universal. 
  48. ↑ "Investigan a 20 militares por nexos con narco". El Siglo de Torreón. Retrieved 10/03/2010. 
  49. ↑ "Detienen a marino por nexos con narco". El Universal. 28 May 2010. 
  50. ↑ "Detienen a marino por nexos con el narco". El Economista. 27 Mayo, 2010 - 18:34. 
  51. ↑ Otero, Silvia (2008-05-28). "En la mira, la tropa aduanal del narco". El Universal. 
  52. ↑ Morales, Alberto (06/04/2011). "Le hallaron 88 armas a Jorge Hank Rhon". El Universal. 
  53. ↑ "Los 'Xolos' y Shakira, preocupación en Tijuana tras detención de Hank Rhon". CNN México. Domingo, 05 de junio de 2011. 
  54. ↑ "Colombia no longer top cocaine producer". usatoday.com. Retrieved 24 April 2013. 
  55. ↑ http://www.insightcrime.org/farc-peace/epl-megateo-future-farc
  56. ↑ La Sort, Mike. "Basilischi: The Fifth Mafia". AmericanMafia.com. 
  57. ↑ "Criminal Organisations in Southern Continental Italy". Rivista di intelligence e di cultura professionale. 
  58. ↑ Barozzi, Maurizio. "La "strategia della tensione"". Federazione Nazionale Combattenti Repubblica Sociale Italiana. 
  59. ↑ "Mafia Italiana". Colegio Nuestra Señora de Merced. 
  60. ↑ Castori, Fabio (Fermo, 6 novembre 2008). "Associazione mafiosa, rivivono le 'imprese' della cupola foggiana". Il Resto del Carlino. 
  61. ↑ Paolocci, Tiziana (July 28, 2007). "Scacco matto ai Casamonica: sei in manette e tre denunciati". Il Giornale.it. 
  62. ↑ Glenny, Misha (2009) McMafia , Vintage Books, ISBN 1-4000-9512-3
  63. ↑ Salinger, Lawrence (2005) Encyclopedia of white-collar & corporate crime: A - I, Volume 1 SAGE, ISBN 0-7619-3004-3
  64. ↑ TIME Magazine - Warlord or Druglord?

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