Doti

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Development regions of Nepal
For the clothing garment, see Dhoti.

Doti (Devnagari; डोटी), also known as Doti region, Dotigarh (डोटीगढ़) as used in the Jagar (folk tales; जागर), and the Farwestern region of Nepal, is a region situated between River Kali boarding to the Uttarakhand in the west and Karnali river on the east.

Districts

Doti division covers the nine districts of Seti and Mahakali Zone, four in Mahakali and five in Seti Zone respectively. They are:

Kailali and Kanchanpur District are Terai districts.

Origin of the name

The name Doti is believed to have originated form the word Dovati, which means the land area between the confluence of two rivers.

Other view is that the original name of Doti was devatavi= dev+aatavi or aalaya (dev meaning Hindu God and aatavi meaning the place of re-creation or the place of attaining a meditation in Sanskrit)

History

Doti was an ancient kingdom of Uttarakhand of India and far western region of Nepal which was formed after the disintegration of the Katyuri Kingdom of Uttarakhand and far western region of Nepal during the 13th century.

Doti was one of eight different princely states formed after the kingdom broke up, the others being:

  • Baijnath-Katyuri
  • Dwarahat
  • Doti
  • Baramandal
  • Askot
  • Sira
  • Sora
  • Sui (Kali kumaon)

The Katyuri kingdom had broken up because of the invasion of Khas kings Ashoka Challa and Krachalla from Karnali Zone (Dullu) of Nepal in 1191 and 1223 respectively.

Later on, the whole land between Ramganga on the west (Uttarakhand) and the Karnali on the east (which divides the far western region from other parts Nepal), came under the Raikas after the origin of Raikas of Katyuris in Doti. "Brahma Dev Mandi" at Kanchanpur District of Mahakali Zone was established by Katyuri king Brahma Dev.

Raikas of Doti

Niranjan Malla Dev was the founder of Doti Kingdom around 13th century after the fall of the Katyuris Kingdom. He was the son of Last Katyuris of united Katyuris kingdom.

Kings of Doti were known as Raikas (also known as Rainka Maharaj). Later on Raikas, after overthrow Khas Malla of Karnali Zone, were able to form a strong Raikas Kingdom in Far Western Region and Kumaun which was called Doti. So far, the historical evidence of following Raikas have been discovered:

  • Niranjan Malla Dev (Founder of Doti Kingdom)
  • Nagi Malla (1238), Ripu Malla (1279)
  • Nirai Pal (1353): maybe of Askot and his historical evidence of 1354 A.D has been found in Almora too
  • Nag Malla (1384)
  • Dhir Malla (1400)
  • Ripu Malla (1410)
  • Anand Malla (1430)
  • Balinarayan Malla: not known
  • Sansar Malla (1442)
  • Kalyan Malla (1443)
  • Suratan Malla (1478)
  • Kriti Malla (1482)
  • Prithivi Malla (1488)
  • Medini Jay Malla (1512)
  • Ashok Malla (1517)
  • Raj Malla (1539)
  • Arjun Malla/Sahi: not known but he was ruling Sira as Malla and Doti as Shahi
  • Bhupati Malla/Shahi (1558)
  • Sagaram Shahi (1567)
  • Hari Malla/Shahi (1581): last Raikas King of Sira and adjoining part of Nepa
  • Rudra Shahi (1630)
  • Vikram Shahi (1642)
  • Mandhata Shahi (1671)
  • Raghunath Shahi (1690)
  • Hari Shahi (1720)
  • Hrishna Shahi (1760)
  • Deep Shahi (1785),
  • Prithivi pati Shahi 1790: he had fought against Nepali Ruler (Gorkhali Ruler) with British in 1814 A.D.

The historic place of war between the Doti Kingdom and Nepal (Gorkha kingdom) during the period of Gorkha Expansion in 1790, according to the history of Nepal, is Nari-Dang which lies on the bank of the Seti River and Dumrakot was the base of the Doti Kingdom during the fighting against the Gorkhalis.

Notable figures of Doti Rainka (The Royals of ex-Doti Kingdom)

Dr. K. I. Singh

Dr. Kunwar Indrajeet Singh, whose birth name was Indra Dhwaj Shahi was born in Dumrakot of Doti district. He was a former Prime Minister of Nepal.Later on he proclaimed himself as Kunwar Indrajeet Singh and became famous by his short name Dr. K. I. Singh. He was a revolutionary leader who formed a revolutionary armed force to fight against the despotic Rana Regime of Nepal. He was the founder president of United Democratic Party Nepal. He passed away on 4 October,1982 in Bangkok,Thailand.He is survived by three sons and one daughter.

Mr. K B Shahi

Born in Doti, (Ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs), well-known diplomat and long serving Foreign Minister of Nepal during 1980. He was also Secretary General of Dr. K. I. Singh's party United Democratic Party in 1960 and became president of the party 1990. He died at Kathmandu 2009.

Mr. Dan Bahadur Shahi

Born in Doti, Ex-Minister of Home Affairs of Nepal, and long-serving bureaucrat of Nepal who later turned politician and became Home Minister in 2003.

Mr. Sher Bahadur Shahi

Born in Doti, he became the Chief Election Commissioner of Nepal. He was a top bureaucrat of Nepal who served in many important portfolios in government such as the Secretary of the Home Ministry. He died in Kathmandu in 1985.

Mr. Kalendra Bikram Shahi

Born in Doti, Dumrakot; Social political activist of Nepal, he is well known in the field of diplomatic and international relations and also known in field of literature.

Mr. Yaggya Jeet Shah

Born in Doti, Dumrakot, he is the youngest son of Late Rt. Hon. Ex-Prime Minister Dr. K. I. Singh. He became Member of Parliament, elected from the Marchawar area of Rupandehi District,Lumbini Zone of Nepal in 1999. This Marchawar area was the main base camp of Late Dr. K. I. Singh to train his military force for fighting against the despotic Rana regime of Nepal during 1948 to 1950.

Indra Dhwaj Shahi

Also known as Dr.K.I.Singh he was an ex Prime Minister of Nepal and a member of the Nepalese parliament representing Rupandehi District until his death on 4 October,1982 in Bangkok. He was also elected unopposed from Doti District in 1970.

Language and culture

Dotiyali or Dotyali (Also Doteli) and Kumauni is the local language spoken in Doti region or far western region of Nepal. Dotiyali which is similar to Kumauni language is one of language of Indo-European family. According to Rahul Sankrityayan, Dotiyali is the dialect of Kumauni language which was brought in Doti by section of Katyuri dynasty of kumaoun which had ruled over Doti till 1790.

Doti Kingdom was formed after the Katyuri kingdom had broken up into eight different princely states of different section of Katyuris. But in Nepal it is considered as Nepali dialect though Local intellectuals and people speaking Dotiyali language are increasingly demanding that their language be recognized as one of the other national languages of Nepal.

Traditional dance and songs Chhaliya, Bhada, Jhora Chapeli, Rung Culture of Rung people (Sauka), Baira song, Deuda and Jagar are part of the culture. Jagara, tales of bravery is most important culture in Doti since Katyuri period. Jhusia Damai of Baskot of Baitadi District (stayed in Dharchula India) was famous Jagar singer.The major festivals of Doti are mainly Gora (Gamra), Kumauni holi, Bishpati, Harela, Raksha Bandhab (Rakhi) Dashin, Diwali, Makar Sankranti, and others.

Mogul invasion of Raikas Kingdom

During the period of Akbar's rule in the 16th century, the Moguls had attacked the Raikas of Doti. They invaded Ajemeru, capital of the Raika Kingdom. Ajemeru is now in Dadeldhura District of far western region of Nepal. Hussain Khan, army chief of Akbar residing in Lukhnow had led the attack. According to Abd-ul-Qadir Bada'uni (c. 1540 - 1615), Indo-Persian historian during Mughal Empire , Mughal Army chief of Lukhnow, Hussian Khan, lured by the wealth and treasures of the kingdom of the Raikas, wanted to plunder the sate,this being the motive behind the assault ; but they did not succeed.

EX-CA Members from the Farwestern Region

  • Ms. Arju Deupa
  • Mr. Bhagat Bahadur Baduwal
  • Mr. Bhanu Bhakta Joshi
  • Mr. Bhim Bahadur Rawal
  • Mr. Bhaira Kami
  • Mr. Chandra Deo Joshi
  • Mr. Chandri Ram Tamtta
  • Mr. Devi Lal Chaudhari
  • Mr. Dharma Raj B.K.
  • Ms. Geeta Thagunna
  • Mr. Gopal Singh Bohara
  • Mr. Harka Bahadur Singh
  • Mr. Hari Ram Sirpali
  • Mr. Harish Thakulla
  • Ms. Kalpana Sob
  • Mr. Krishna Kumar Chaudhari
  • Mr. Khem Bahadur Bamm
  • Ms. Leela Kumari Bhandari
  • Mr. Laxman Dutta Joshi
  • Mr. Lekh Raj Bhatta
  • Mr. Lokendra Bahadur Chand
  • Mr. Maha Nepali
  • Ms. Malamati Devi Rana
  • Mr. Narendra Bahadur Kunwar
  • Mr. Narad Muni Rana
  • Mr. Puran Rana Tharu
  • Mr. Puran Singh Dyal
  • Ms. Phulmati Devi Chaudhari
  • Mr. Ramesh Lekhak
  • Mr. Ram Janam Chaudhari
  • Ms. Rupa Chaudhari
  • Ms. Renu Chand
  • Mr. Nandi Sarki
  • Mr. Sher Bahadur Kunwar
  • Mr. Sher Bahadur Deuba
  • Mr. Shankar Bahadur Khadka
  • Mr. Sukdaiya Tharu
  • Mr. Tekendra Prasad Bhatta
  • Mr. Chandan Singh Negi

See also

References

    • A New History of Uttarakhand Y. S. Kathoch
    • History of Kumoun B. D. Pandey
    • Dotiyali language
    • Dotyali Dictionary by R. Chattaut
    • Stars of Seti by Punya Nepal
    • History of Karnali Zone by R. Subedi
    • Article
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