Dike swarm
A dike swarm or dyke swarm is a large geological structure consisting of a major group of parallel, linear, or radially oriented dikes intruded within continental crust. They consist of several to hundreds of dikes emplaced more or less contemporaneously during a single intrusive event and are magmatic and stratigraphic. Such dike swarms may form a large igneous province and are the roots of a volcanic province.
The occurrence of mafic dike swarms in Archean and Paleoproterozoic terrains is often cited as evidence for mantle plume activity associated with abnormally high mantle potential temperatures.
Dike swarms may extend over 400 km (249 mi) in width and length. The largest dike swarm known on Earth is the Mackenzie dike swarm in the western half of the Canadian Shield in Canada, which is more than 500 km (311 mi) wide and 3,000 km (1,864 mi) long.[1]
The number of known giant dike swarms on Earth is small, only about 25. However, the primary geometry of most giant dike swarms is poorly known due to their age and subsequent tectonic activity.
Examples of dike swarms
- North America
- Mackenzie dike swarm (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Manitoba and Ontario, Canada);
- Independence dike swarm (eastern California, United States);
- Kangaamiut dike swarm (western Greenland);
- Warm Springs Mountain Dike Swarm (Nevada, United States);
- Kennedy dike swarm (southeastern Wyoming, United States);
- Madalena Radial Dike Swarm (southeastern Wyoming);
- Matachewan dike swarm (eastern Ontario, Canada);
- Mistassini dike swarm (western Quebec, Canada);
- Franklin dike swarm (northern Canada);
- Grenville dike swarm (Ontario and Quebec, Canada);
- Marathon dike swarm (northwestern Ontario, Canada);
- San Rafael Swell dike swarm (Utah, United States).
- Asia
- Shirotori-Hiketa Dike Swarm (northeastern Shikoku, Japan);
- North China dike swarm (North China craton, China);
- Australia
- Wood's Point dyke swarm (Victoria, Australia).
- Africa
- Cape Peninsula dyke swarm, (South Africa).
- Europe
- Orano Dike Swarm (Elba Island, Italy);
- Egersund dike swarm (southwestern Norway);
- Kildonan Dyke Swarm (Isle of Arran, Scotland);
- Scourie dyke swarm (NW Scotland).
See also
References
- ↑ Mackenzie dike swarm (geological feature, Canada) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia.