Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride

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Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride[1]
IUPAC name

N,N-Diethylaminosuflur trifluoride

Other names

diethyl(trifluorosulfido)amine

Identifiers
CAS number 38078-09-0 YesY
ChemSpider 110068 N
Jmol-3D images {{#if:FS(F)(F)N(CC)CC[F-].[F-].[F-].N[S+](CC)CC.CC[S+](N)CC.CC[S+](N)CC|Image 1
Image 2
Properties
Molecular formula C4H10F3NS
Molar mass 161.19 g mol−1
Appearance colourless oil
Density 1.220 g/cm3
Boiling point 30-32 °C at 3 mmHg
Solubility in water Reacts with water
Solubility reacts with ethanol
soluble in acetonitrile
Hazards
Main hazards corrosive, flammable, can be explosive
 N (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) is the organosulfur compound with the formula Et2NSF3. This liquid is a fluorinating reagent used for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds. The compound is colourless; older samples assume an orange colour.

Use in organic synthesis

DAST converts alcohols to the corresponding alkyl fluorides as well as aldehydes and unhindered ketones to geminal difluorides. Carboxylic acids react no further than the acyl fluoride (sulfur tetrafluoride effects the transformation —CO2H → —CF3). DAST is used in preference to the more classical gaseous SF4, since as a liquid it is more easily handled. Acid-labile substrates are less likely to undergo rearrangement and elimination since DAST is less prone to contamination with acids. Reaction temperatures are milder as well - alcohols typically react at -78 °C and ketones around 0 °C.

Synthesis

DAST is prepared by the reaction of diethylaminotrimethylsilane and sulfur tetrafluoride:[2]

Et2NSiMe3 + SF4 → Et2NSF3 + Me3SiF

The Organic Syntheses protocol calls for trichlorofluoromethane as a solvent, a compound that has been banned under the Montreal Protocol and is no longer available as a commodity chemical. Diethyl ether may be used instead with no decrease in yield.[3] Because of the dangers involved in the preparation of DAST (glass etching, possibility of exothermic events), it is often purchased from a commercial source. At one time Carbolabs[4] was one of the few suppliers of the chemical but a number of companies now sell DAST.

Safety and alternative reagents

Upon heating, DAST converts to SF4 and (NEt2)2SF2, a high-boiling and explosive compound. To minimize accidents, samples are maintained below 50 °C. Bis-(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride is more thermally robust.

Recent alternatives[5][6] have been manufactured by OmegaChem based on DAST but crystalline and with better handling properties. The XtalFluor range[7] offers XtalFluor-E (diethylamine) and XtalFluor-M (morpholine) difluorosulfonium salts (tetrafluoroborates)

See also

References

  1. ↑ A. H. Fauq, "N,N-Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York.
  2. ↑ W. J. Middleton, E. M. Bingham "Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride” Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 6, p.440; Vol. 57, p.50. Online version
  3. ↑ L. N. Markovskij, V. E. Pashinnik, and A. V. Kirsanov (1973). Synthesis (787). 
  4. ↑ REACTION OF SULFOXIDES WITH DIETHYLAMINOSULFUR TRIFLUORIDE: FLUOROMETHYL PHENYL SULFONE, A REAGENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF FLUOROALKENES, Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 9, p.446 (1998); Vol. 72, p.209 (1995)
  5. ↑ Aminodifluorosulfinium Salts: Selective Fluorination Reagents with Enhanced Thermal Stability and Ease of Handling L'Heureux, A.; et al. J. Org. Chem. 75, 3401-3411, (2010)
  6. ↑ Aminodifluorosulfinium Tetrafluoroborate Salts as Stable and Crystalline Deoxofluorinating Reagents Beaulieu, F.; et al. Org. Lett. 11, 5050-5053, (2009)
  7. ↑ http://www.omegachem.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53
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