Dicentra

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Dicentra
Dicentra cucullaria (type species)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Papaveraceae
Genus: Dicentra
Bernh.
Species

See text.

Synonyms

Diclytra Borkh. nom. rej.[1]
Dielytra = orthographic variant of Diclytra[1]
Possible synonyms:[2] Lamprocapnos Endl.
Ehrendorferia Fukuhara & Lidén
Ichtyoselmis Lidén & Fukuhara

Dicentra (bleeding-heart; Greek dís "twice", kéntron "spur") is a genus of 8 species of perennial herbaceous plants in the family Fumariaceae, native to eastern Asia and North America.

Description

Flowers have two tiny sepals and four petals. The flowers are bisymmetric: the two outer petals are spurred or pouched at the base and curved outwards or backwards at the tip, and the two inner ones are straight and connected at the tip. In Dicentra, all leaves are in a basal rosette and flowers are on leafless stalks. In other genera with bisymmetric heart-shaped flowers (Lamprocapnos, Dactylicapnos, Ichtyoselmis, Ehrendorferia), leaves grow on flower stalks as well as from the base. Each of the two compound stamens is composed of one median and two lateral half stamens fused together. The stamens and pistil are held between the inner petals.

Seeds with elaiosomes are borne in long pods.

All parts are poisonous if ingested.

Species

Hybrids and cultivars

There are several hybrids and cultivars involving Dicentra eximia, Dicentra formosa, and Dicentra peregrina, including:

  • Dicentra 'Aurora' — Dicentra formosa × Dicentra eximia — white flowers
  • Dicentra 'Bacchanal' — Dicentra formosa cultivar — deep red
  • Dicentra 'Ivory Hearts' — Dicentra peregrina × Dicentra eximia 'Alba' — white
  • Dicentra 'King of Hearts' — Dicentra peregrina × (Dicentra formosa subsp. oregana × Dicentra eximia)
  • Dicentra 'Luxuriant' — Dicentra eximia × Dicentra peregrina

Hybrids involving Dicentra peregrina are often intolerant of hot-humid climates and sun like the species itself.

Former species

The genera Dactylicapnos, Ichtyoselmis, Ehrendorferia and Lamprocapnos were previously included as subgenera in Dicentra, but have been shown not to belong in this genus (see for example Flora of China web page)

  • Dactylicapnos Wall. (14 species of herbaceous climbers with yellow flowers, Himalaya to SW China)
    • Dactylicapnos burmanica (K.R.Stern) Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos grandifoliolata Merrill (Dicentra paucinervia K.R.Stern)
    • Dactylicapnos lichiangensis (Fedde) Hand.-Mazz.
    • Dactylicapnos macrocapnos (Prain) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos roylei (Hook.f. & Th.) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos scandens (D.Don) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos schneideri (Fedde) Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos gaoligongshanensis Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos torulosa (Hook.f. & Th.) Hutchinson (Dicentra wolfdietheri Fedde)
    • Dactylicapnos cordata Lidén
  • Ehrendorferia Lidén (2 species of erect robust herbaceous perennials with yellow or cream erect flowers, Western N America)
  • Ichtyoselmis Lidén (1 species of large herbaceous perennial with serrate leaflets and large drooping cream flowers, China, Burma)
    • Ichtyoselmis macrantha (Oliver) Lidén
  • Lamprocapnos Endlicher (1 species of herbaceous perennial with large pink flowers in horizontal racemes, NE China, Korea)
    • Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara bleeding heart = Dicentra spectabilis Lem.

Gallery

  • Squirrel-corn (Dicentra canadensis)

  • Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucullaria)

  • Turkey-corn (Dicentra eximia)

  • Pacific Bleeding-heart (Dicentra formosa)

  • Few-flowered Bleeding-heart (Dicentra pauciflora)

  • Komakusa (Dicentra peregrina)

  • Steer's-head (Dicentra uniflora)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 International Plant Names Index
  2. ↑ GRIN taxonomy
  • Bleeding hearts, Corydalis, and their relatives. Mark Tebbitt, Magnus Lidén, and Henrik Zetterlund. Timber Press. 2008. — Google Books

External links

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Wikispecies has information related to: Dicentra
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