Diablo homolog

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Diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein

PDB rendering based on 1few.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
SymbolsDIABLO; DFNA64; DIABLO-S; SMAC; SMAC3
External IDsOMIM: 605219 MGI: 1913843 HomoloGene: 10532 GeneCards: DIABLO Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez5661666593
EnsemblENSG00000184047ENSMUSG00000029433
UniProtQ9NR28Q9JIQ3
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_019887NM_023232
RefSeq (protein)NP_063940NP_075721
Location (UCSC)Chr 12:
122.69 – 122.71 Mb		Chr 5:
123.51 – 123.52 Mb
PubMed search
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Diablo homolog, is a mitochondrial protein that in humans is encoded by the DIABLO gene (direct IAP binding protein with low pI).[1][2][3] DIABLO is also referred to as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases or SMAC.

Function

SMAC is a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome-c dependent activation by eliminating the inhibition via IAP - a protein that negatively regulates apoptosis or programmed cell death.[4] Smac is normally a mitochondrial protein but is found in the cytosol when a cell is primed for apoptosis by the final execution step of caspase activation. Smac is the second protein in the apoptosis link, along with cytochrome c, that promotes apoptosis by activating caspases.

SMAC is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)-binding protein. This mitochondrial protein enters the cytosol when cells undergo apoptosis, and it moderates the caspase inhibition of IAPs.

Gene

Multiple polyadenylation sites have been found for this gene. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been described for this gene but the validity of some transcripts, and their predicted ORFs, has not been determined conclusively.[3]

Interactions

Diablo homolog has been shown to interact with Lymphotoxin beta receptor,[5] Survivin,[6] XIAP[6][7][8][9][10] and BIRC2.[9][11]

References

  1. ↑ McNeish IA, Bell S, McKay T, Tenev T, Marani M, Lemoine NR (May 2003). "Expression of Smac/DIABLO in ovarian carcinoma cells induces apoptosis via a caspase-9-mediated pathway". Exp Cell Res 286 (2): 186–98. doi:10.1016/S0014-4827(03)00073-9. PMID 12749848. 
  2. ↑ Yu J, Wang P, Ming L, Wood MA, Zhang L (June 2007). "SMAC/Diablo mediates the proapoptotic function of PUMA by regulating PUMA-induced mitochondrial events". Oncogene 26 (29): 4189–98. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210196. PMID 17237824. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: DIABLO diablo homolog (Drosophila)". 
  4. ↑ Vucic D, Deshayes K, Ackerly H, Pisabarro MT, Kadkhodayan S, Fairbrother WJ, Dixit VM (April 2002). "SMAC negatively regulates the anti-apoptotic activity of melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP)". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 12275–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112045200. PMID 11801603. 
  5. ↑ Kuai, June; Nickbarg Elliott, Wooters Joe, Qiu Yongchang, Wang Jack, Lin Lih-Ling (April 2003). "Endogenous association of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1, and Smac with lymphotoxin beta receptor reveals a novel mechanism of apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (16): 14363–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208672200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12571250. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Song, Zhiyin; Yao Xuebiao, Wu Mian (June 2003). "Direct interaction between survivin and Smac/DIABLO is essential for the anti-apoptotic activity of survivin during taxol-induced apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (25): 23130–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300957200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12660240. 
  7. ↑ Hunter, Allison M; Kottachchi Dan, Lewis Jennifer, Duckett Colin S, Korneluk Robert G, Liston Peter (February 2003). "A novel ubiquitin fusion system bypasses the mitochondria and generates biologically active Smac/DIABLO". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (9): 7494–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200695200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12511567. 
  8. ↑ Davoodi, Jamshid; Lin Lily, Kelly John, Liston Peter, MacKenzie Alexander E (September 2004). "Neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein does not interact with Smac and requires ATP to bind caspase-9". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 279 (39): 40622–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M405963200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 15280366. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Verhagen, A M; Ekert P G, Pakusch M, Silke J, Connolly L M, Reid G E, Moritz R L, Simpson R J, Vaux D L (July 2000). "Identification of DIABLO, a mammalian protein that promotes apoptosis by binding to and antagonizing IAP proteins". Cell (UNITED STATES) 102 (1): 43–53. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00009-X. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 10929712. 
  10. ↑ Verhagen, Anne M; Silke John, Ekert Paul G, Pakusch Miha, Kaufmann Hitto, Connolly Lisa M, Day Catherine L, Tikoo Anjali, Burke Richard, Wrobel Carolyn, Moritz Robert L, Simpson Richard J, Vaux David L (January 2002). "HtrA2 promotes cell death through its serine protease activity and its ability to antagonize inhibitor of apoptosis proteins". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (1): 445–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109891200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11604410. 
  11. ↑ Hegde, Ramesh; Srinivasula Srinivasa M, Datta Pinaki, Madesh Muniswamy, Wassell Richard, Zhang ZhiJia, Cheong NaEun, Nejmeh Julie, Fernandes-Alnemri Teresa, Hoshino Shin-ichi, Alnemri Emad S (October 2003). "The polypeptide chain-releasing factor GSPT1/eRF3 is proteolytically processed into an IAP-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (40): 38699–706. doi:10.1074/jbc.M303179200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12865429. 

Further reading


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