Demographics of Macau
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This article is about the demographic features of the population of Macau, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Macau's population is 95% Chinese, primarily Cantonese and some Hakka, both from nearby Guangdong Province. The remainder are of Portuguese or mixed Chinese-Portuguese ancestry. Some Japanese, including descendants of Japanese Catholics who were expelled by shoguns, also live in Macau.
The official languages are Portuguese and Cantonese Chinese. The residents commonly (85.7%) speak Cantonese, Mandarin is spoken by 3.2% at home, about 40% are able to communicate in standard Mandarin. English and Portuguese are spoken as a first language by 1.5% and 0.6% respectively. The other popular topolect is Hokkien (Min Nan), spoken by a small percentage of the population. The creole Macanese language (Patuá or Macaista Chapado) is almost extinct.
Macau has a number of universities.
Vital statistics [1][2]
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | 269 | 6 168 | 1 514 | 4 654 | 22.9 | 5.6 | 17.3 |
| 1984 | 283 | 6 666 | 1 488 | 5 178 | 23.6 | 5.3 | 18.3 |
| 1985 | 290 | 7 560 | 1 466 | 6 094 | 26.1 | 5.1 | 21.0 |
| 1986 | 296 | 7 477 | 1 324 | 6 153 | 25.3 | 4.5 | 20.8 |
| 1987 | 307 | 7 565 | 1 321 | 6 244 | 24.7 | 4.3 | 20.3 |
| 1988 | 316 | 7 913 | 1 437 | 6 476 | 25.0 | 4.5 | 20.5 |
| 1989 | 325 | 7 568 | 1 516 | 6 052 | 23.3 | 4.7 | 18.6 |
| 1990 | 335 | 6 872 | 1 482 | 5 390 | 20.5 | 4.4 | 16.1 |
| 1991 | 352 | 6 832 | 1 335 | 5 497 | 19.4 | 3.8 | 15.6 |
| 1992 | 371 | 6 676 | 1 432 | 5 244 | 18.0 | 3.9 | 14.1 |
| 1993 | 384 | 6 267 | 1 531 | 4 736 | 16.3 | 4.0 | 12.3 |
| 1994 | 397 | 6 115 | 1 330 | 4 785 | 15.4 | 3.4 | 12.1 |
| 1995 | 409 | 5 876 | 1 351 | 4 525 | 14.4 | 3.3 | 11.1 |
| 1996 | 415 | 5 468 | 1 413 | 4 055 | 13.2 | 3.4 | 9.8 |
| 1997 | 417 | 5 031 | 1 293 | 3 738 | 12.1 | 3.1 | 9.0 |
| 1998 | 422 | 4 434 | 1 356 | 3 078 | 10.5 | 3.2 | 7.3 |
| 1999 | 427 | 4 148 | 1 374 | 2 774 | 9.7 | 3.2 | 6.5 |
| 2000 | 431 | 3 849 | 1 338 | 2 511 | 8.9 | 3.1 | 5.8 |
| 2001 | 434 | 3 241 | 1 327 | 1 914 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 4.4 |
| 2002 | 438 | 3 162 | 1 415 | 1 747 | 7.2 | 3.2 | 4.0 |
| 2003 | 444 | 3 212 | 1 474 | 1 738 | 7.2 | 3.3 | 3.9 |
| 2004 | 455 | 3 308 | 1 533 | 1 775 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 3.9 |
| 2005 | 473 | 3 671 | 1 615 | 2 056 | 7.8 | 3.4 | 4.3 |
| 2006 | 499 | 4 058 | 1 566 | 2 492 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 5.0 |
| 2007 | 526 | 4 537 | 1 545 | 2 992 | 8.6 | 2.9 | 5.7 |
| 2008 | 544 | 4 717 | 1 756 | 2 961 | 8.7 | 3.2 | 5.4 |
| 2009 | 546 | 4 764 | 1 644 | 3 120 | 8.7 | 3.0 | 5.7 |
| 2010 | 547 | 5 114 | 1 774 | 3 340 | 9.3 | 3.2 | 6.1 |
| 2011 | 555 | 5 852 | 1 845 | 4 007 | 10.5 | 3.3 | 7.2 |
Ethnic groups[3]
Place of Birth
Incoming migrant is an essential component of the population. Results of the 2011 Population Census indicated that 326,376 (59.1% of the total population) were born outside Macau, an increase of 3.0 percentage points over the last ten years. Analysed by place of birth, 255,186 (46.2%) were born in Mainland China, down by 1.2 percentage points from 2001. Besides, 226,127 (40.9%) were born in Macau, 19,355 (3.5%) in Hong Kong and 1,835 (0.3%) in Portugal. There were more persons born in other countries or territories as the number of non-resident workers increased. Among them, 14,544 were born in the Philippines, 7,199 in Vietnam and 6,269 in Indonesia, altogether taking up 5.1% of the total population. Besides, 1,942 were born in Europe other than Portugal, 2,252 in Americas, 959 in Africa and 672 in Oceania. Analysed by age group, 85.2% of the youth population (aged 0–14) were born in Macau, and 62.9% of those aged 35 and above were born in Mainland China.
Nationality and ethnicity
Analysed by nationality, 509,788 (92.3% of the total population) were of Chinese nationality, down by 2.9 percentage points from the 2001 Census; meanwhile, only 0.9% was of Portuguese nationality, a decrease of 1.1 percentage points. Over the last ten years, diversity of the various components of the population is enhanced as economic development has drawn people to invest, work or study in Macau; consequently, 37,695 (6.8%) were of other nationalities, up by 4.0 percentage points, with 2.7% being Filipinos. Macau is a Chinese community and those of Chinese ethnicity totalled 510,383, an increase of 94,030 over the past ten years; however, its proportion to the total population decreased by 3.3 percentage points to 92.4%. Those of wholly or partly Portuguese ethnicity totalled 8,106, up slightly by 333 compared with 2001; its proportion to the total decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 1.5%.
| Ethnic group |
census 1991 | census 2001 | census 2011 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Chinese | 338,191 | 95.1 | 416,353 | 95.7 | 510,383 | 92.4 |
| Chinese & Portuguese | 4,477 | 1.3 | 4,254 | 1.0 | 4,019 | 0.7 |
| Portuguese | 4,221 | 1.2 | 2,810 | 0.6 | 3,485 | 0.6 |
| Chinese & non-Portuguese | 1,771 | 0.4 | 1,601 | 0.3 | ||
| Others | 7,804 | 2.2 | 10,047 | 2.3 | 33,015 | 6.0 |
| Portuguese & others | 709 | 0.2 | 602 | 0.1 | ||
| Total | 355,693 | 435,235 | 552,503 | |||
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
| Residents' usual language spoken at home[4] | |
|---|---|
| Language | Percentage of population |
| Cantonese | 85.7% |
| Mandarin | 3.2% |
| Other Chinese dialects | 6.7% |
| Portuguese | 0.6% |
| English | 1.5% |
| Others | 2.3% |
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Ethnics Group
- Chinese 92.4%, other 7.6% (includes Macanese - mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) (2011 census)
Population
- 542,400 (2010 Qtr1 est.)
Male and Female Pattern
- Male: 245,600 (2006 Qtr2 est.)
- Female: 257,400 (2006 Qtr2 est.)
Age structure
- below age 15: 76,305 15.63%
- age 15-24: 82,547 16.91%
- age 25-34: 70,965 14.54%
- age 35-44: 91,438 18.73%
- age 45-54: 87,616 17.95%
- age 54-64: 38,924 7.97%
- age 65 or above: 40,349 8.27%
Infant mortality rate
- 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 84.37 years - Highest life expectancy in the world.
- male: 81.39 years
- female: 87.47 years (2010 est.)
Total fertility rate
- 0.91 children born/woman (2010 est.) The lowest fertility rate in the world after Taiwan.
Nationality
- noun: China
- adjective: Chinese
Religions
- Buddhist 85%, Roman Catholic 7%, none and other 8% (2006 est.)
Languages
- Portuguese, Chinese (official languages). The Chinese standard (Cantonese or Mandarin) is not specified in the law.
Literacy
- definition: age 15 and over can read and write
- total population: 94.5%
- male: 97.2%
- female: 92% (2003 est.)
Immigration and Crime
- Persons authorized to reside in Macau: total: 50,159 (by the end of 2005)
- Non-resident workers authorized to enter Macau: total: 39,411 (by the end of 2005)
- Legal immigrants from Mainland China: 1,133 (Qtr1 2006) 947 (Qtr2 2006)
- No. of criminal cases: 2,634 (Qtr1 2006) 2,708 (Qtr2 2006)
Health
- No. of residents per doctor (excluding dentist): 473
- No. of residents per nurse: 430
- No. of residents per hospital bed: 496
Main causes of death
- Diseases of the circulatory system: 518 cases 32.1%
- Neoplasm: 455 cases 28.2%
- Diseases of the respiratory system: 267 cases 16.5%
Ethnics Group
Chinese 92.4%, other 7.6% (includes Macanese - mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) (2011 census)
References
- ↑ United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
- ↑ Statistics and Census Service Macao SAR Government
- ↑ Results of 2011 Population Census
- ↑ Global Results of By-Census 2006. Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) of the Macau Government. 2007.
External links
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