Darwen by-election, 1943

The Darwen by-election, 1943 was a by-election held on 12 December 1943 for the British House of Commons constituency of Darwen in Lancashire.

Vacancy

The seat had become vacant after the death in October of the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Stuart Russell, who had been killed in World War II. He had been elected at the 1935 general election, beating the Liberal Party leader Sir Herbert Samuel.

Election history

In the 1935 general election, the Conservatives had won 41% of the votes, with a narrow majority over the outgoing Liberal MP. The result at the last General election was

Candidates

The Conservatives chose Stanley Prescott to defend the seat. The Liberal Party prospective candidate was Philip Rea, who had been in place since 1939. However, the local Liberal Association decided not to contest the by-election. During World War II, the major parties had agreed an electoral pact under which they would not contest by-elections in seats held by their respective parties, and as a result many wartime by-elections resulting in a candidate being returned unopposed. However, other parties and independent politicians were free to field candidates, and at Darwen Honor Balfour stood as an "Independent Liberal".^[2] She was a Lancashire girl who had graduated from University and was working as a Journalist in London. She resigned her Liberal Party membership to contest the election. The prospective Labour Party candidate, Ronald Haines, who had been in place since 1939 chose not to stand.

Main Issues and Campaign

Balfour was encouraged to stand by the Liberal Party 'Radical Action' group that believed in contesting by-elections and had achieved a good result at the Chippenham by-election, 1943. There was some concern in the Liberal Party that the leadership would want to continue in an all-party Coalition Government after the war was over. However, the group was small and was unable to influence many party workers to give their support to her campaign. Sir Frederick Hindle who had been the Liberal MP for the constituency in the 1920s, was one of the people who signed Russell's nomination papers. Liberal Leader, Sir Archibald Sinclair, in accordance with the wartime electoral truce, signed a public letter of support for Russell. Balfour's campaign did receive some backing from Richard Acland's Common Wealth organisation.

Result

Prescott increased the Conservative share of the vote, albeit on a much-reduced turnout. However, Balfour came within 70 votes of winning the seat.

Aftermath

Balfour published an article Why I Challenge the Electoral Truce in the magazine Liberal Forward which encouraged a large number of Liberal members to give their active support to the 'Independent' Liberal candidate at the Bury St Edmunds by-election, 1944. Balfour contested the 1945 election here as the official Liberal candidate, thereafter she did not stand again. Russell held the seat until retiring in 1951. The result at the following General election;

See also

• Darwen constituency
• List of United Kingdom by-elections

References

• Who's Who: www.ukwhoswho.com

Bibliography

• Liberal Crusader by Gerard De Groot
• Trial By Ballot by Ivor RM Davies
• By-Elections in British Politics by Cook and Ramsden
• Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3rd edition ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X. 
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs