Dante Arthurs

Dante Arthurs
Born	Dante Wyndham Arthurs (1984-08-08) 8 August 1984 Rockingham, Western Australia
Occupation	Fruit and vegetable packer
Criminal charge	Wilful murder, sexual penetration, and unlawful detention
Criminal penalty	Life imprisonment with non-parole period of 13 years
Criminal status	Incarcerated
Conviction(s)	Murder; unlawful detention

Dante Wyndham Arthurs (born 8 August 1984) is an Australian murderer, convicted of the murder of Sofia Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu.

On 17 November 2007 Arthurs pleaded guilty to the charges of murder and unlawful detention and was convicted in the Supreme Court of Western Australia; he was sentenced to life imprisonment with a non parole period of 13 years.^[1] He is currently in detention at the maximum security Casuarina Prison and will become eligible for release in 2019.^[2]

Many areas of the Western Australian and Australian community debated the re-introduction of the death penalty due to the emotion evoked by Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's murder.^{[citation needed]} The last person hanged in Western Australia was Eric Edgar Cooke in 1964 and the death penalty was repealed in that state in 1984.^[3]

Crime

At 4:00pm on 26 June 2006, Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu was at the Livingston Shopping Centre in Canning Vale with her uncle, sister and brother. While her family waited in the main area of the shopping centre, Sofia went down a corridor to go to the toilet. Arthurs, an employee at the shopping centre, followed her, and after she left the female toilets, grabbed her from behind, dragged her into the nearby disabled toilet cubicle, and locked the door.

Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's family, having waited only a few moments, became concerned and her 14 year old brother was sent to look for her. He called for her at the door of the female toilet but not getting a response walked back along the corridor. He heard movement coming from the disabled cubicle and knocked on the locked door calling Sofia's name. There was no response. Sofia's brother, uncle and younger sister then began a search of the centre. A few minutes later, her brother again returned to the disabled toilet cubicle and opened the now unlocked door. It was at this time, only 10 minutes after Sofia left her family that her brother found her naked body lying on the cubicle floor. A search of the shopping centre failed to locate an offender, and the entire centre was closed and declared a crime scene.^[4]

In his attempts to restrain Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu after she had been dragged into the toilet cubicle, her limbs were contorted so severely that both her legs were broken and her left arm was dislocated as Arthurs removed her clothing. Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's throat was also severely compressed and her larynx was crushed as Arthurs attempted to muffle her cries. The cause of death was given to be a direct result of strangulation.

Criminal investigation

Initial investigations at the shopping centre identified a few possible suspects. Arthurs was known to local detectives due to a sexual assault on an eight-year-old girl in the same area 3 years earlier.^[5] Police remained at the crime scene well into the early morning and at 5:00am the day after Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's body was discovered, they attended the home of Arthurs who lived with his parents a few hundred metres from the shopping centre. After a search of his home, Arthurs was arrested and later charged with wilful murder, two counts of sexual penetration of a child, and deprivation of liberty.^[5]

In his interview with police, Arthurs admitted to digitally penetrating Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu, however it could not be determined whether this had occurred prior to or after her death. During the attack, which was estimated to have lasted between 3 and 5 minutes, Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's brother knocked on the door of the cubicle having heard movement coming from inside while searching for her. Though Arthurs made admissions to hearing the knock on the door and a name being called, neither he nor the police could identify whether Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu was still alive at that time. Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu was left naked and dead or dying on the floor as Arthurs made his escape.^[6]

It was alleged by prosecutors that the assault on Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu only lasted a few minutes, but the ferocity of the attack on the 8 year old was described as "the worst of its type". At a young age, Arthurs was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and he offered little explanation for his actions in the toilet cubicle and failed to understand and accept responsibility for what had occurred. Arguments were made against the severity of his Asperger syndrome by prosecutors, because of the evidence gathered by pathologists as to the cause of death and severity of Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's injuries, compared to the explanation given by Arthurs as to how those injuries and her death had occurred.

Legal controversy

Once the news of Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's murder spread and information about her alleged killer was revealed, media organisations locally, nationally and internationally^{[citation needed]} took great interest. The crime was described in many news reports as the most horrific murder in Western Australia since the David and Catherine Birnie murders in the 1980s.^{[citation needed]} Western Australia police were required to quash strong rumours that Arthurs was one of the child murderers convicted of the murder of James Bulger in the United Kingdom in 1993. It was alleged that Arthurs was in fact Robert Thompson, who at the age of 10 years old was convicted of Bulger's murder, given a new identity and then transported to Australia. Information was revealed publicly by the Western Australian and Australian Federal Police that Arthurs was not Thompson and the rumour gathered no more momentum.^{[7][8][9][10][11]} On 29 June 2006, the British High Commission in Canberra issued a media release stating "There is no connection between the man arrested in Western Australia and the individuals involved in the James Bulger case."^[12] Australia has not taken British convicts since 1868^[13]

Further controversy arose when information was revealed in the local media that Arthurs had been investigated for a sexual assault 3 years earlier in 2003, against another 8 year old girl. It was outlined in media reports and later confirmed by Western Australia Police Commissioner Karl O'Callaghan and the Department of Public Prosecutions, that Arthurs was in fact arrested for the assault, however charges were dropped due to insufficient evidence and incorrect police interviewing techniques. At the time of Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's murder in 2006, the 2003 assault was re-opened to identify any possible links.

It was then identified that the shorts worn by Arthurs in the 2003 assault had traces of the victim's blood on them that wasn't noticed during the 2003 investigation. Western Australia Police received public condemnation for failing to have the shorts forensically examined, which could have secured the conviction of Arthurs for the 2003 assault and therefore could have avoided Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's murder. It was also confirmed that after the 2003 assault, the Department of Public Prosecutions refused to consider charges against Arthurs because they considered that the police had been too robust in interviewing him and that a conviction was unlikely to be obtained.^[14] Though Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's family were frustrated by this discovery, they publicly supported the police and understood that a successful conviction against Arthurs (if in fact it did occur) in 2003, would not have guaranteed their daughter would still be alive today.^[15][16][17]

Legal proceedings

Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's family were devastated by their daughters' murder and could not face the prospect of the court process.^{[citation needed]} They were unable to attend any of the proceedings and so were represented by two members of the Mater Christi Catholic Primary School Parish, a school that Sofia attended in the suburb of Yangebup. Head priest at the Parish, Father Bryan Rosling^[18] took up the family's struggle to deal with the massive media attention the murder had raised. Paul Litherland, a Western Australian police officer and a parent of one of Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's schoolmates, represented the family and set up fund raising events.^[19]

On 7 March 2007, after extensive psychological testing and discussions between prosecutors and Arthurs' defence counsel, Arthurs was required to enter a plea to the charges of wilful murder, two counts of sexual penetration of a child, and unlawful detention. He pleaded not guilty to all four charges and was remanded in custody.^[20] On 31 August 2007, Justice Peter Blaxell ruled that the bulk of the admissions made by Arthurs in a video recorded interview with police on the morning after the offence, would be inadmissible at his trial on ground of "persistent importunity, or sustained or undue insistence or pressure".^[21]

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On 31 July 2007, Chief Justice Wayne Martin ruled that Arthurs receive a bench trial.^[22] Martin said that the "extensive, continuous and in some respects extraordinary" pre-trial media coverage, the circumstances of the offence and the fact that a judge would provide reasons for his or her decision supported a trial by judge alone.^[22] Hence it was agreed that Arthurs would be heard by a judge alone and not a jury. In the mean time, discussions continued with the Department of Public Prosecutions and Arthurs lawyers regarding his plea status. In August 2007, Arthurs and prosecutors entered into an agreement that would see Arthurs plead guilty to the lesser charge of murder, instead of the current charge of wilful murder. On 17 September 2007, Arthurs pleaded guilty in the Supreme Court to charges of murder and unlawful detention. The two counts of sexual penetration of a child under the age of 10 were withdrawn because forensic analysis could not conclude if Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu had been sexually assaulted before or after she died.^[23]

On 7 November 2007, Arthurs was sentenced to life in prison with a non-parole period of 13 years. He was also sentenced to two years for depriving Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu of her liberty.^[24] Describing Arthurs' crimes as "so evil they shock the public conscience". Justice John McKechnie also advised Arthurs of the possibility that he may never be released as the release of offenders sentenced to life imprisonment must be signed off by the Western Australian Attorney-General.

Western Australian Attorney-General Christian Porter has since revoked Arthurs' non-parole period, making him one of three Western Australians to have their papers marked "never to be released".^{[citation needed]}

Other allegations

After Arthurs pleaded guilty it was publicly confirmed that he was under investigation by British police for sexually assaulting another girl in 2001. Arthurs was never charged with this incident because he left Britain for Australia before an identity parade could take place.^[25]

Sofia Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's legacy

The Chapel of the Innocents

Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's small school community was devastated by her murder^[7] and set about to raise funds for a memorial to her at the school. Over A$250,000 was raised locally at the school for a memorial to Sofia and all Western Australian children who have had their lives stolen by criminals. The Chapel of the Innocents was constructed in 2008 and is the resting place of her ashes.^[26]

Changes to legislation

After Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu was murdered, police were restricted in their ability to charge Arthurs with wilful murder, because it could not be proved it was his intention to murder her. Wilful murder, which carried a term of life imprisonment with a non-parole period of 15 years (minimum) to 19 years (maximum) at the time, was the highest charge that could be preferred for the taking of a life. Instead, Arthurs had to be charged and convicted with the lesser offence of murder, which excluded the element of intent. This still carried a penalty of life imprisonment, however the non parole periods were 7 years (minimum) to 14 years (maximum). For what many considered as one of the most horrific crimes in Western Australia for decades, Arthurs could possibly spend only 7 years in jail. This caused a massive public outcry and a demand was made to force a change to the laws for murder in Western Australia.^[7][27]

Through the then Attorney General Jim McGinty, Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's family and their many supporters petitioned the Government to have the laws changed to reflect more clearly the seriousness of the crimes committed. As a result, the charges of wilful murder and murder were repealed and a single charge of murder was created to include more severe penalty options. Though a distinction between an intent to murder and non-intent was still included, the sentencing considerations were dramatically altered.^[28] The new legislation calls for an ability to impose a "never to be released" clause as well as a change in the minimum sentence that can be imposed before release on parole can be considered. For murder with intent the minimum sentence is 20 years and for murder without a proved intent (manslaughter) it is 15 years.^[29]

Sex offender register

In addition to the changes to murder legislation, Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu's family has worked to have the Western Australian Government introduce a public sex offender register. This would see the names and suburbs (but not addresses) of convicted sex offenders being made available to the public. Though public support was very strong for such a register, the government stalled on the legislation due to the concerns such legislation could cause to the safety of known sex offenders. Police in particular showed concerns for the fear of vigilante attacks against sex offenders who have been released after serving their time in jail. In November 2011 the government of Western Australia passed legislation in the lower house for a register. It is envisioned that serious and repeat offenders will have their names and suburbs published on a public website. Furthermore, parents will be able to check if people who have regular contact with their children are on the sex offenders register. This will be by way of providing the person's details to police.^[30] In June 2012, the Western Australian sex offender register was enacted as legislation.^[31] On 15 October 2012, the register went live.^[32]

References