DNMT3A

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha

Rendering based on PDB 2QRV.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
SymbolsDNMT3A; DNMT3A2; M.HsaIIIA
External IDsOMIM: 602769 MGI: 1261827 HomoloGene: 7294 ChEMBL: 1992 GeneCards: DNMT3A Gene
EC number2.1.1.37
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez178813435
EnsemblENSG00000119772ENSMUSG00000020661
UniProtQ9Y6K1O88508
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_022552NM_001271753
RefSeq (protein)NP_072046NP_001258682
Location (UCSC)Chr 2:
25.46 – 25.57 Mb
Chr 12:
3.81 – 3.91 Mb
PubMed search

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups to specific CpG structures in DNA, a process called DNA methylation. The enzyme is encoded in humans by the DNMT3A gene.[1][2]

CpG methylation is an epigenetic modification that is important for embryonic development, imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. Studies in mice have demonstrated that DNA methylation is required for mammalian development. This gene encodes a DNA methyltransferase that is thought to function in de novo methylation, rather than the maintenance of existing methylated sites. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus and its expression is developmentally regulated. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[3]

Clinical relevance

The study of this gene in mice has shown its reduced expression in ageing animals causes cognitive long-term memory decline.[4]

Interactions

DNMT3A has been shown to interact with ZNF238,[5] HDAC1,[5] Myc,[6] Protein inhibitor of activated STAT2,[7] DNMT1,[8] DNMT3B,[7][8][9] PIAS1,[7] UBE2I[7] and SUV39H1.[10]

References

  1. Okano M, Xie S, Li E (July 1998). "Cloning and characterization of a family of novel mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases". Nat Genet 19 (3): 219–20. doi:10.1038/890. PMID 9662389. 
  2. Xie S, Wang Z, Okano M, Nogami M, Li Y, He WW, Okumura K, Li E (September 1999). "Cloning, expression and chromosome locations of the human DNMT3 gene family". Gene 236 (1): 87–95. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00252-8. PMID 10433969. 
  3. "Entrez Gene: DNMT3A DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha". 
  4. Oliveira, Ana M M; Hemstedt, Thekla J; Bading, Hilmar. "Rescue of aging-associated decline in Dnmt3a2 expression restores cognitive abilities". Nature Neuroscience. doi:10.1038/nn.3151. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 Fuks, F; Burgers W A, Godin N, Kasai M, Kouzarides T (May 2001). "Dnmt3a binds deacetylases and is recruited by a sequence-specific repressor to silence transcription". EMBO J. (England) 20 (10): 2536–44. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.10.2536. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 125250. PMID 11350943. 
  6. Brenner, Carmen; Deplus Rachel, Didelot Céline, Loriot Axelle, Viré Emmanuelle, De Smet Charles, Gutierrez Arantxa, Danovi Davide, Bernard David, Boon Thierry, Pelicci Pier Giuseppe, Amati Bruno, Kouzarides Tony, de Launoit Yvan, Di Croce Luciano, Fuks François (January 2005). "Myc represses transcription through recruitment of DNA methyltransferase corepressor". EMBO J. (England) 24 (2): 336–46. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600509. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 545804. PMID 15616584. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Ling, Yan; Sankpal Umesh T, Robertson Andrea K, McNally James G, Karpova Tatiana, Robertson Keith D (2004). "Modification of de novo DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) by SUMO-1 modulates its interaction with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and its capacity to repress transcription". Nucleic Acids Res. (England) 32 (2): 598–610. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh195. PMC 373322. PMID 14752048. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 Kim, Gun-Do; Ni Jingwei, Kelesoglu Nicole, Roberts Richard J, Pradhan Sriharsa (August 2002). "Co-operation and communication between the human maintenance and de novo DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases". EMBO J. (England) 21 (15): 4183–95. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf401. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 126147. PMID 12145218. 
  9. Lehnertz, Bernhard; Ueda Yoshihide, Derijck Alwin A H A, Braunschweig Ulrich, Perez-Burgos Laura, Kubicek Stefan, Chen Taiping, Li En, Jenuwein Thomas, Peters Antoine H F M (July 2003). "Suv39h-mediated histone H3 lysine 9 methylation directs DNA methylation to major satellite repeats at pericentric heterochromatin". Curr. Biol. (England) 13 (14): 1192–200. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00432-9. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 12867029. 
  10. Fuks, François; Hurd Paul J, Deplus Rachel, Kouzarides Tony (May 2003). "The DNA methyltransferases associate with HP1 and the SUV39H1 histone methyltransferase". Nucleic Acids Res. (England) 31 (9): 2305–12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg332. PMC 154218. PMID 12711675. 

Further reading


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