Cycle graph
| Cycle graph | |
|---|---|
 A cycle graph of length 6 | |
| Vertices | n |
| Edges | n |
| Girth | n |
| Automorphisms | 2n (Dn) |
| Chromatic number |
3 if n is odd 2 if n is even |
| Chromatic index |
3 if n is odd 2 if n is even |
| Spectrum | {2 cos(2 k π / n); k=1, ... ,n}[1] |
| Properties |
2-regular Vertex-transitive Edge-transitive Unit distance Hamiltonian Eulerian |
| Notation |
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In graph theory, a cycle graph or circular graph is a graph that consists of a single cycle, or in other words, some number of vertices connected in a closed chain. The cycle graph with n vertices is called Cn. The number of vertices in Cn equals the number of edges, and every vertex has degree 2; that is, every vertex has exactly two edges incident with it.
Terminology
There are many synonyms for "cycle graph". These include simple cycle graph and cyclic graph, although the latter term is less often used, because it can also refer to graphs which are merely not acyclic. Among graph theorists, cycle, polygon, or n-gon are also often used. A cycle with an even number of vertices is called an even cycle; a cycle with an odd number of vertices is called an odd cycle.
Properties
A cycle graph is:
- Connected
- 2-regular
- Eulerian
- Hamiltonian
- 2-vertex colorable, if and only if it has an even number of vertices. More generally, a graph is bipartite if and only if it has no odd cycles (Kőnig, 1936).
- 2-edge colorable, if and only if it has an even number of vertices
- 3-vertex colorable and 3-edge colorable, for any number of vertices
- A unit distance graph
In addition:
- As cycle graphs can be drawn as regular polygons, the symmetries of an n-cycle are the same as those of a regular polygon with n sides, the dihedral group of order 2n. In particular, there exist symmetries taking any vertex to any other vertex, and any edge to any other edge, so the n-cycle is a symmetric graph.
Directed cycle graph
A directed cycle graph is a directed version of a cycle graph, with all the edges being oriented in the same direction.
In a directed graph, a set of edges which contains at least one edge (or arc) from each directed cycle is called a feedback arc set. Similarly, a set of vertices containing at least one vertex from each directed cycle is called a feedback vertex set.
A directed cycle graph has uniform in-degree 1 and uniform out-degree 1.
Directed cycle graphs are Cayley graphs for cyclic groups (see e.g. Trevisan).
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cycle graphs. |
References
- ↑ Some simple graph spectra. win.tue.nl
External links
- Weisstein, Eric W., "Cycle Graph", MathWorld. (discussion of both 2-regular cycle graphs and the group-theoretic concept of cycle diagrams)
- Luca Trevisan, Characters and Expansion.