Curva
Curva (plural: curve) is an Italian term or name for curved stands of seating located at sports stadiums, particularly in Italy; so named, originally, due to their curved or bending shape. The curva plays an integral part in the culture of Ultràs and European football.
Composition
The majority of stands referred to as a "curva" are located behind the goals in their respective stadiums and contain the most vocal supporters within them, often known as Ultràs. They are usually curved in shape, in some form whether minor or major, often due to the presence of a running track around the pitch.[1] The Stadio Giuseppe Meazza provides an example of two prominent stands referred to as "curva", "Curva Nord" and "Curva Sud", which contain only minor curves at their corners, while the Stadio Olimpico provides an example of two completely curved stands. A curva may extend from one corner flag to another or be located centrally behind the goal, bordered by two separate corner sections for ticketing or organizational purposes.[2]
Significance
Being home to the most openly passionate supporters in a stadium, the curva is usually the focal point of a club's support. It is often the scene of dramatic choreographed displays of support and occasionally, disapproval for a team or club.[3] These displays often take on an importance of their own, particularly in games involving rivals where both sets of supporters aim to outdo each other.[4] In certain countries, particularly those where sports clubs and supporters are extremely reflective of the local culture, the curva can become quite politicized in nature.[4] Therefore, it's not uncommon for a curva to be split into individual factions or groups, either solely or partially, based on politics, and for one group to hold significant control of the curva and its inhabitants on match days. Ultrà groups within a curva often benefit from this degree of relative uniformity, when there are issues regarding supporters' rights and the commercialization of sports and football in particular.
Locations
Austria
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Gerhard Hanappi Stadium | SK Rapid Wien | Block West |
Bulgaria
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Georgi Asparuhov Stadium | Levski Sofia | Sektor B / Juzhnata Tribuna / South Stand |
Bulgarian Army Stadium | CSKA Sofia | Sektor G / Severnata Tribuna / North Stand |
Hristo Botev Stadium (Plovdiv) | Botev Plovdiv | Tribuna Iztok / Tribune East / East Stand |
Lokomotiv Stadium (Plovdiv) | Lokomotiv Plovdiv | Tribuna Besika / Tribune Bessica / North Stand |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Stadion Grbavica | Željezničar | Sektor C/Jug |
Stadion Asim Ferhatović Hase | Sarajevo | Sjever |
Stadion pod Bijelim Brijegom | Zrinjski | Istok/Stajanje |
Croatia
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Stadion Maksimir | Dinamo Zagreb | North Stand / Sjever |
Stadion Poljud | HNK Hajduk Split | North Stand / Sjever |
Stadion Kantrida | HNK Rijeka | West Stand / Zapad |
Stadion Gradski Vrt | NK Osijek | South-East Stand / Jugoistok |
Stadion Alde Drosine | NK Istra 1961 | North Stand / Sjever |
Denmark
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Energi Nord Arena | Aalborg BK | Vesttribunen |
Brøndby Stadion | Brøndby IF | Sydsiden (earlier Faxetribunen) |
Parken | FC Copenhagen | Sektion 12 |
TRE-FOR Park | Odense BK | Stiften |
Atletion | Aarhus GF | Speakers Corner |
Finland
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Helsinki Olympic Stadium | Finland national football team | Pohjoiskaarre |
France
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Stade Armand Cesari | SC Bastia | Est/Petrignani |
Stade Chaban-Delmas | Girondins de Bordeaux | Virage Sud |
Stade Vélodrome | Olympique de Marseille | Virage Nord/Sud |
Parc des Princes | Paris Saint-Germain FC | Kop of Boulogne/Virage Auteuil |
Germany
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Signal Iduna Park | Borussia Dortmund | Südtribüne/Gelbe Wand |
Olympiastadion/Allianz Arena | Bayern München | Südkurve |
Volkswagen Arena | Wolfsburg | Nordkurve |
Commerzbank-Arena | Eintracht Frankfurt | Nordwestkurve |
Max Morlock Stadion | 1. FC Nürnberg | Nordkurve |
AWD-Arena | Hannover 96 | Nordkurve |
Weserstadion | Werder Bremen | Ostkurve |
Veltins-Arena | FC Schalke 04 | Nordkurve |
Borussia Park | Borussia Mönchengladbach | Nordkurve |
Greece
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Karaiskaki Stadium | Olympiacos F.C. | Gate 7 |
Apostolos Nikolaidis | Panathinaikos F.C. | Gate 13 |
Toumba Stadium | PAOK F.C. | Gate 4 |
Nikos Goumas Stadium | AEK Athens F.C. | Gate 21 |
Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium | Aris F.C. | Gate 3 |
Kaftanzoglio Stadium | Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C. | Independent Gate 10 |
Alkazar Stadium | AEL 1964 F.C. | Gate 1 |
Genti Koule | OFI Crete | Snakes Gate 4 |
Indonesia
Italy
Stadium | Club | Stand |
Juventus Arena | Juventus F.C. | Curva Sud / Curva Scirea |
Arena Garibaldi | Pisa Calcio | Curva Nord Maurizio Alberti |
San Siro | F.C. Internazionale Milano | Curva Nord |
San Siro | A.C. Milan | Curva Sud |
Stadio Artemio Franchi | ACF Fiorentina | Curva Fiesole |
Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia | Atalanta B.C. | Curva Pisani |
Stadio Ennio Tardini | Parma F.C. | Curva Nord |
Stadio Luigi Ferraris | Genoa C.F.C. | Gradinata Nord |
Stadio Luigi Ferraris | U.C. Sampdoria | Gradinata Sud |
Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi | Hellas Verona F.C. | Curva Sud |
Stadio Olimpico | S.S. Lazio | Curva Nord |
Stadio Olimpico | A.S. Roma | Curva Sud |
Stadio Olimpico (Torino) | Torino F.C. | Curva Maratona |
Stadio Renato Dall'Ara | Bologna F.C. 1909 | Curva Bulgarelli |
Stadio San Paolo | S.S.C. Napoli | Curva A/Curva B |
Stadio San Nicola | A.S. Bari | Curva Nord |
Stadio Nicola Ceravolo | FC Catanzaro | Curva Massimo Capraro |
Stadio Sant'Elia | Cagliari Calcio | Curva Nord |
Stadio Mario Rigamonti | Brescia Calcio | Curva Nord |
Stadio Friuli | Udinese Calcio | Curva Nord |
Stadio Franco Ossola | A.S. Varese 1910 | Curva Nord |
Malaysia
Stadium | Country | Stand |
---|---|---|
Stadium Nasional Bukit Jalil | Malaysia national football team | Curva 1Q |
Stadium Perak | Perak FA | (Silvermania Curva) |
Stadium Negeri | Sarawak FA | Curva Distrixtigabelas |
Darul Makmur Stadium | Pahang FA | Curva Sebelas - Elephant Army(EA) |
Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium | Johor Darul Takzim F.C. | Boys Of Straits (B.O.S.) |
Morocco
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Stade Mohamed V | Raja Casablanca | Curva Sud |
Stade Mohamed V | Wydad Casablanca | Curva Nord |
Netherlands
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Amsterdam Arena | AFC Ajax | Zuid |
De Kuip | Feyenoord | Gerard Meijer Tribune |
Poland
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Stadion GOSiR | Arka Gdynia | Górka |
Stadion Miejski | Lech Poznań | Kocioł |
Polish Army Stadium | Legia Warszawa | Żyleta |
Romania
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Stadionul Steaua | FC Steaua Bucureşti | Peluza Nord |
Stadionul Steaua | FC Steaua Bucureşti | Peluza Sud |
Stadionul Giuleşti | FC Rapid Bucureşti | Peluza Nord 1996 |
Stadionul Dan Păltinişanu | FC Timişoara | Curva Sud |
Stadionul Stefan cel Mare | FC Dinamo Bucureşti | Peluza Catalin Haldan / Peluza Sud |
Stadionul Ilie Oana | FC Petrolul Ploiesti | Lupii Galbeni / Peluza I |
Stadionul Ilie Oana | FC Petrolul Ploiesti | Peluza Latina |
Russia
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Petrovsky Stadium | FC Zenit Saint Petersburg | Virazh(Virage) |
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Lokomotiv Stadium | FC Spartak Moscow | Tribuna B(Tribune B) |
Scotland
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Celtic Park | Celtic | Block 111 |
Ibrox Stadium | Rangers | Section BF1 |
Serbia
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Stadion Crvena Zvezda | Crvena Zvezda | North Stand / Sever |
Stadion Partizan | FK Partizan | South Stand / Jug |
Stadion Čair | FK Radnički Niš | South Stand / Jug |
Stadion Karađorđe | FK Vojvodina | North Stand / Sever |
Omladinski Stadion | OFK Beograd | South Stand / Jug |
Spain
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Estadio Vicente Calderón | Atlético de Madrid | Fondo Sur |
Estadio Santiago Bernabéu | Real Madrid | Fondo Sur |
Estadio Manuel Ruiz de Lopera | Real Betis | Gol Sur |
Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán | Sevilla | Gol Norte |
Estadi RCDE | RCD Espanyol | Gol Cornellà |
Estadio Mestalla | Valencia | Curva Nord Mario Alberto Kempes |
La Rosaleda | Málaga CF | Frente Bokeron / Brigadas Sur |
Tunisia
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
Rades | ES Tunis | Curva sud ' 94 |
Menzah | Club African | curva nord 95 |
15 October | Club Athlétique Bizertin | Curva cabiste |
Stade olympique de sousse | ES Sahel | Curva nord |
Turkey
Stadium | Club | Stand |
---|---|---|
BJK İnönü Stadı | Beşiktaş J.K. | Kapalı Tribün |
Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium | Fenerbahçe SK | Türk Telekom Tribünü |
See also
- Ultràs
- Major football rivalries
References
- Specific
- ↑ "Football in Rome". Italy Heaven. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
- ↑ "LO STADIO OLIMPICO". Retrieved 2009-07-09.
- ↑ Micheal Lehane (2004-01-07). "Soccer: Roma Therapy". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Il Derby della Capitale". CBC News. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
- General
- Testa, A. and Armstrong, G. (2008). “Words and actions: Italian ultras and neo-fascism” Social Identities, vol. 14 (4), pp. 473 – 490
- Testa, A. (2009) “UltraS: an Emerging Social Movement”, Review of European Studies, vol. 1 (2), 54–63
- Testa, A. (2010). Contested Meanings: the Italian Media and the UltraS. Review of European Studies, vol 2(1), 15–24
- Testa, A. and Armstrong, G. (in press; November 2010). Football, Fascism and Fandom: The UltraS of Italian Football, A&C (Bloomsbury), London, Black Publishers.