Crucifix (Michelangelo)

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Crucifix

Artist	Michelangelo
Year	1492 (1492)
Type	Polychrome wood
Dimensions	142 cm × 35 cm (55.9 in × 13.8 in)
Location	Santa Maria del Santo Spirito di Firenze, Florence

Two different crucifixes, or strictly wooden corpus figures for crucifixes, are attributed to the High Renaissance master Michelangelo, although neither is universally accepted as his. Both are relatively small figures which would have been produced in Michelangelo's youth.

Santa Spirito figure

One is a polychrome wood sculpture possibly finished in 1492 which had been lost from view by scholars until it re-emerged in 1962; in 2001 new investigations appeared to confirm the attribution to Michelangelo.^[1] It was perhaps made for the high altar of the Church of Santa Maria del Santo Spirito in Florence, Italy. The work is especially notable for the fact that this Christ is naked.

History

Michelangelo Buonarroti was a guest of the convent of Santa Maria del Santo Spirito (Florence) when he was seventeen years old, after the death of his protector Lorenzo de' Medici. Here he could make anatomical studies of the corpses coming from the convent's hospital; in exchange, he is said to have sculpted the wooden crucifix which was placed over the high altar. Today the crucifix is in the octagonal sacristy of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Santo Spirito.

Description

The nudity of the figure is true to the Gospels. Christ's clothing being removed by Roman soldiers is offered as the fulfilment of Psalm 22:18, "They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture." All of the Gospel writers suggest the nakedness, while John supplies the details:

“

Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, ‘They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots.’ These things therefore the soldiers did.

”

The sign attached to the cross includes Jesus' accusation inscribed in Hebrew, Greek and Latin. The wording translates "Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews". All of the evangelists record this inscription, which varies slightly among them. Here the artist favored the rendering from John's Gospel (John 19:19).

Also present is the spear wound inflicted into Jesus’ side by a Roman soldier. His blood is seen here dripping from the wound on his right side.

Other crucifix attributed to Michelangelo

The so-called Crucifix Gallino displayed at the Bargello

In December 2008, the Italian government acquired from the antique dealer Giancarlo Gallino for €3.2 million another polychrome corpus for a crucifix in limewood;^[2]^[3] this is less than half the size of the Santo Spirito figure. The figure had been previously exhibited in 2004 in the Museo Horne in Florence.^[4]

Some art historians attributed the work to Michelangelo based only on stylistic criteria, as the sculpture is not documented by contemporary biographers of Michelangelo Ascanio Condivi and Giorgio Vasari. The figure measures 41.3 by 39.7 centimetres (16.3 in × 15.6 in) and was allegedly made around 1495.^[2] In December 2009, an inquiry has been opened into the acquisition of the crucifix by the Italian state.^[5] ANSA reports that:^[5] "several experts have cast doubts on the attribution, with the doyenne of Michelangelo cross studies, German art historian Margrit Lisner, saying it was probably a Sansovino."

Notes

↑ Crucifix 'confirmed' as a Michelangelo. BBC News, 18 July 2001. Retrieved on 18 May 2009
↑ 2.0 2.1 Elisabetta, Povoledo (22 April 2009). "Yes, It’s Beautiful, the Italians All Say, but Is It a Michelangelo?". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
↑ Gallery of pictures of the crucifix attributed to Michelangelo in 2009
↑ Giancarlo Gentilini, Proposta per Michelangelo Giovane. Un Crocifisso in legno di tiglio, catalogo della mostra, Firenze, Museo Horne, 8 maggio - 4 settembre 2004, Torino, 2004.
↑ 5.0 5.1 "Michelangelo cross buy probe - Investigators suspect fraud". ANSA. 2009.

References

Condivi, Ascanio; Alice Sedgewick (1999). The Life of Michelangelo. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-01853-4. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
Baldini, Umberto; Liberto Perugi (1982). The Sculpture of Michelangelo. Rizzoli. ISBN 0-8478-0447-X. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

Florence, c. 1488–92	†Head of a Faun (c. 1489) Madonna of the Stairs (c. 1491) Battle of the Centaurs (c. 1492) Crucifix (1492)

Bologna, 1494–95	Additions to the Ark of St Dominic (St Petronius, St Proclus, Angel)

Rome, 1496–1500	†Sleeping Cupid (1496) Bacchus (1496-97) †Standing Cupid Pietà (1498-99)

Florence, 1501–5	David (1501–04) Madonna of Bruges (1501–04) Additions to the Piccolomini Altarpiece (Saints Peter, Paul, Pius and Gregory, 1503–04) Pitti Tondo (c. 1503-04) Taddei Tondo (c. 1504-06) St. Matthew (c. 1505)

Tomb of Pope Julius II, 1505-45	Moses (c. 1513–15) Rebellious Slave (1513–16) Dying Slave (1513–16) Young Slave (c. 1519–36) Bearded Slave (c. 1519–36) Atlas Slave (c. 1519–36) Awakening Slave (c. 1519–36) The Genius of Victory (c. 1532–34) Rachel (1545) Leah (1545)

Florence, 1516–34	Christ Carrying the Cross (1519–20) Apollo (c. 1530) Crouching Boy (c. 1530–34)

Medici Chapel (1519–34)	Giuliano de' Medici Night Day Lorenzo de' Medici Dusk Dawn Medici Madonna

Rome, 1534–64	Brutus (1538) Florentine Pietà (c. 1547-53) *Palestrina Pietà (c. 1555) Rondanini Pietà (1552–64)

Paintings

Panel paintings	*The Torment of Saint Anthony (c. 1487–88) Manchester Madonna (c. 1497) The Entombment (c. 1500-01) Doni Tondo (c. 1506–07) †Leda and the Swan (1530)

Salone dei Cinquecento	†Battle of Cascina (1504)

Sistine Chapel	Ceiling (1508–12) The Last Judgment (1537–41)

Cappella Paolina	The Martyrdom of St Peter (c. 1542–45) The Conversion of Saul (c. 1545–50)

Architecture

Florence	New Sacristy (1520–34) and Laurentian Library (1523–59) in the Basilica of San Lorenzo

Rome	Piazza del Campidoglio (1536–46) Palazzo Farnese (1546) St. Peter's Basilica (1546–1564) San Giovanni dei Fiorentini (1559–60) Porta Pia (1561–65) Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri (1561–64)

Works on paper	Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment (c. 1500–1501) Epifania (c. 1550–53)

Milieu	Cecchino dei Bracci Tommaso dei Cavalieri Vittoria Colonna Ascanio Condivi Gherardo Perini Sebastiano del Piombo Febo di Poggio Luigi del Riccio

Related topics	Art patronage of Julius II Casa Buonarroti Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects Replicas of David

Wikimedia	Michelangelo at Wikimedia Commons Michelangelo at Wikiquote

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