Crail

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coordinates: 56°15′39″N 2°37′35″W / 56.2608°N 2.6263°W / 56.2608; -2.6263
Crail
Scottish Gaelic: Cathair Aile [1]
Crail

 Crail shown within Fife
Population 1,730 [2]
OS grid reference NO613078
Council area Fife
Lieutenancy area Fife
Country Scotland
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town ANSTRUTHER
Postcode district KY10
Dialling code 01333
Police Scottish
Fire Scottish
Ambulance Scottish
EU Parliament Scotland
UK Parliament North East Fife
Scottish Parliament North East Fife
List of places
UK
Scotland

Crail ( listen (help·info)); Scottish Gaelic: Cathair Aile) is a former royal burgh in the East Neuk of Fife, Scotland.

History

Crail probably dates from at least as far back as the Pictish period, as the place-name includes the Pictish/Brythonic element caer, 'fort', and there is a Dark Age cross-slab preserved in the parish kirk, itself dedicated to the early holy man St. Maelrubha. Crail East Neuk Burgh and became a Royal Burgh in the 12th century. Robert the Bruce granted permission to hold markets on a Sunday, in the Marketgait, where the Mercat Cross now stands in Crail. The decision caused such outrage in religious circles that John Knox delivered a sermon at Crail Parish Church in the Marketgait damning the fishermen of the East Neuk for working on a Sunday. Despite the protests, the markets were a huge success and were amongst the largest in Europe. [3]

James V, the father of Mary Queen of Scots, sent for his wife, Marie de Guise, whom he had recently married by proxy in Paris, and she landed in Crail in June 1538. According to Antonia Fraser, "Accompanied by a navy of ships under Lord Maxwell, and 2,000 lords and barons whom her new husband had sent from Scotland to fetch her away, Queen Mary landed at Crail in Fife on 10 June 1538, just over a year since the landing of Queen Madeleine. She was formally received by the king at St Andrews a few days later with pageants and plays performed in her honour, and a great deal of generally blithe rejoicing, before being remarried the next morning in the Cathedral of St Andrews.[4]

Architecture

Crail Tolbooth (on the left)

Built around a harbour, it has a particular wealth of vernacular buildings from the 17th to early 19th centuries, many restored by the National Trust for Scotland, and is a favourite subject for artists. The most notable building in the town is the 13th-century parish church. Though much altered, this is one of Scotland's most beautiful ancient churches, with a fine western tower with small spire, and a double arcade of round pillars of variegated red sandstone in the nave. The side walls were rebuilt in Regency times, and the large pointed windows, filled with panes of clear glass held by astragals rather than leads, allow light to flood into the interior. The unaisled chancel, now housing a huge organ, has been shortened. The church retains some 17th century woodwork, and there is an early Christian cross-slab of unusual form (perhaps 10th century), formerly set in the floor, on display.

The large kirkyard surrounding the building has a fine collection of mural monuments dating from the late 16th century on.

Other historic buildings in Crail are the tollbooth, with a tower dating from about 1600, which stands on its own in the large marketplace, and the doo'cot (Scots for dovecot) of the town's otherwise vanished Franciscan Friary.

Crail once had a royal castle above the harbour (perhaps this was the site of the 'fort'). The site is still visible as an open garden, but little or nothing of the structure survives above ground. A Victorian 'turret' jutting out from the garden wall recalls the Castle (visible in the photograph reprduced above).

The Tolbooth in the centre of the town has a characteristic tower and a European style roof, similar to buildings in Holland. A fish makes up part of its quirky weathervane as a reference to an old local delicacy called ‘Crail Capon’, which was split, dried haddock. The European influence literally rings true in the old town hall: the bell in the tower was brought over from Holland and is a permanent reminder of the town’s links with the Dutch.[5]

Carboniferous fossils

On the beach beside the harbour, there are fossilised trees related to Horsetails, dating back to the Carboniferous geological period.

Sport

The Crail Golfing Society is the seventh oldest in the world. Their oldest course, Balcomie, was formally laid out by Tom Morris Sr. in 1894, but competitions had been played there since the 1850s. Despite the fact that the ‘home’ of golf is now Crail’s neighbour, St Andrews, Crail was in fact the first to have a golf course. It may not, however, be a candidate for the world’s oldest course - one story holds that the Scots did not invent the game but that it was brought back by Scottish fishermen who discovered the Dutch playing a form of the game.[6]

Aerodrome

Crail Aerodrome, to the north of the town, started life as a naval air station during the First World War. In the runup to the Second World War it became HMS Jackdaw. Planes from the airbase took part in the final attack on the Tirpitz in 1944. Polish soldiers stationed at Crail during the Second World War helped the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh purchase the disused United Presbyterian Church (built 1859). In 1942, it become Most Holy Trinity Church. The Church has recently been renovated and contains an icon to Our Lady of Poland painted by one of the Polish soldiers.

After the war, the airbase was taken over by the Royal Navy and renamed HMS Bruce. After closure, the Joint Services School for Linguists (JSSL) was based here in the 1950s. JSSL was founded in 1951 by the British armed services to provide language training, principally in Russian, and largely to selected conscripts undergoing National Service. It was initially based at three main sites near Bodmin, Caterham and Cambridge, run respectively by the Army, Navy and RAF. In 1956 the three were amalgamated at Crail. The school closed with the ending of conscription in 1960. It had many famous alumni.

The airfield site now is home to Crail Raceway. It hosts events every second Sunday of the month, and lets drivers compete with their own vehicles. Most commonly drag racing as been at the core of the Raceway's activities throughout its life, but especially in more recent years drifting has become a large draw at this track. Both the smaller figure eight circuit for single car use, and also a track made up from several runways being linked together into a large fast circuit for multiple car use. Tarmac Rallys also are regularly held on the track too.

Gallery

  • Crail Harbour

  • House near the harbour

  • Crail Harbour

  • Viewing the harbour from above

  • Boats in Crail Harbour

See also

  • Crail's Lane, St Andrews, on land originally belonging to Crail priory

References

  1. ↑ Iomart Cholm Cille
  2. ↑ "Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Localities in order of size". General Register Office for Scotland. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-08. 
  3. ↑ "East Neuk of Fife". BBC. Retrieved May 29, 2012. 
  4. ↑ Mary Queen of Scots, Antonia Fraser, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969.
  5. ↑ "East Neuk of Fife". BBC. Retrieved May 29, 2012. 
  6. ↑ "East Neuk of Fife". BBC. Retrieved May 29, 2012. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crail.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.