Convoy ON 67

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"ON 67" redirects here. For the highway in northern Ontario, see Ontario Highway 67.
TU 4.1.5 commander's ship USS Edison.
USS Bernadou
USS Lea
Convoy ON-67 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War. It was the 67th of the numbered series of ON convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The ships departed from Liverpool on 14 February 1942[1] with convoy rescue ship Toward, and were escorted to the Mid-Ocean Meeting Point by escort group B4.[2]

The Escort Group

On 19 February, the American task unit 4.1.5 assumed escort responsibility with Gleaves class destroyers Edison and Nicholson, Wickes class destroyers Lea and Bernadou and the Canadian Flower class corvette HMCS Algoma.[3] Edison's commanding officer, Commander Albert C. Murdaugh, USN, was the senior officer of the escort group.[3] The escort group had never operated together before.[4] Bernadou had been modified for long range escort work by replacing the fourth boiler and stack with an extra fuel tank.[5] Toward carried a HF/DF high-frequency direction finding set, and Nicholson had the only functional radar.[6] Lea carried a British ASV aircraft radar with fixed antennae, but the coaxial cable to the antennae was repeatedly shorted by salt water spray.[7] Edison had no depth charge throwers, and was limited to a linear pattern rolled off the stern.[8] The American ships did not have enough binoculars. Bernadou had a 7x50 pair for the officer of the deck and a 6x30 pair for the junior officer of the deck but there were none for the lookouts.[9]

U-155

U-155 found and reported the convoy on 21 February.[10] Toward obtained a bearing on the contact report, and Lea searched the bearing unsuccessfully at dusk.[11] U-155 approached the port quarter of the convoy in the pre-dawn hours of 22 February and torpedoed the British tanker Adellen and Norwegian freighter Sama.[12][13] Both ships sank quickly.[12] Algoma rescued eleven of Adellens crew of 31 while Nicholson and Toward found twenty survivors from Samas crew of forty.[12][13] U-155 crash-dived to avoid Bernadou, but the destroyer never saw the U-boat.[12] U-155 made another emergency dive while shadowing the convoy at 1042, but Edison did not detect the U-boat. U-587, U-69, and U-558 found the convoy on 23 February.

U-558

U-558 approached the convoy at 2120, but repeatedly turned away to avoid Bernadou's patrols until a squall provided cover at midnight. U-558 torpedoed the Norwegian tanker Inverarder at 0045 24 February.[14][13] The tanker sank slowly and Toward rescued all 42 of the crew. U-558 approached again at 0230 and fired a single torpedo at Edison.[14] The torpedo missed, and Edison was unaware it had been fired at.[14] U-558 torpedoed the Norwegian tanker Eidanger at 0255.[14] U-558 reloaded and at 0550 torpedoed the British tankers Anadara and Finnanger, and the British freighter White Crest.[15][13] All three ships straggled and were sunk. Later that morning, the convoy commodore sent a signal to the escort commander regarding the performance of U-558: "That chap must be one of their best ones. I do hope you have done him in."[16]

U-158

U-158 located the convoy at 0425 24 February and torpedoed the British tanker Empire Celt.[14] Empire Celt was testing a new Admiralty Net Defense system by streaming a strong steel net from 50-foot (15 m) poles along either side of the ship.[17] One torpedo broke through the net and hit amidships.[18] Empire Celt later broke in half, but a tug from Newfoundland rescued 31 from the crew of 37.[18][19]

As U-558 was torpedoing ships on the starboard side of the convoy, U-158 approached the port side and torpedoed British tanker Diloma at 0635.[20] Diloma was the only one of the torpedoed ships to successfully reach Halifax.[19] Both U-158 and U-558 dived to avoid being seen in the early daylight.[21] U-558 found and sank the Eidanger, drifting and abandoned astern of the convoy, with gunfire and a torpedo.[21] All of Eidangers crew had been rescued.[13] Lea investigated a DF bearing from Toward at 1515 and spotted U-558 twenty miles (32 km) astern of the convoy at 1707. Lea dropped eight depth charges at 1746, and then surprised the U-boat on the surface at 1813 and dropped fourteen depth charges at 1847. U-558 was undamaged.[22]

Nicholson investigated a DF bearing from Toward and sighted U-158 at 1323. U-158 dived and evaded Nicholson. Nicholson then slowed to listen. U-158 surfaced at 1550 and was surprised to find Nicholson waiting 1500 meters away. U-158 crashed-dived before Nicholson saw the U-boat. U-158 surfaced again at 1817 and was surprised to find Edison 2,000 yards (1,800 m) away. U-158 again avoided detection by crash-diving. Edison finally spotted U-158 making another convoy approach at 2008 and dropped 25 depth charges over the following six hours. U-158 was undamaged, but had been prevented from making further attacks on the convoy.[22]

Admiral Karl Dönitz, the BdU or commander in chief of U-Boats, ordered his U-boats to discontinue the attack on 25 February.[19] The escort was reinforced on 26 February by the USCG Treasury Class Cutter Spencer.[19] The remainder of the convoy reached Halifax on 1 March 1942.[23]

Ships in convoy

Name[24] Flag[24] Dead[13] Tonnage (GRT)[24] Cargo[13] Notes[24]
Adellen (1930)  United Kingdom 36 7,984 In ballast Sunk by U-155 22 Feb
Anadara (1935)  United Kingdom 62 8,009 In ballast Sunk by U-558 & U-587 24 Feb
Belinda (1939)  Norway 8,325 Destination West Indies
Consuelo (1937)  United Kingdom 4,847 General cargo Destination New York City; survived this convoy and convoy HX 228
Cristales (1926)  United Kingdom 5,389 Carried convoy vice-commodore Capt R H R MacKay OBE; in collision 24 Feb; destination Halifax
Daghestan (1941)  United Kingdom 7,248 CAM ship; destination Halifax
Dekabrist (1903)  Soviet Union 7,363 Destination New York City
Diloma (1939)  United Kingdom 8,146 Damaged by U-158; made Halifax
Dolabella (1939)  United Kingdom 8,142 Destination Curaçao
Dromus (1938)  United Kingdom 8,036 Destination Curaçao
Eidanger (1938)  Norway 0 9,432 In ballast Sunk by U-558 24 Feb
Empire Celt (1941)  United Kingdom 6 8,032 In ballast Sunk by U-158 24 Feb
Empire Druid (1941)  United Kingdom 9,813 Destination Port Arthur
Empire Pict (1941)  United Kingdom 8,134 Destination Baton Rouge
Empire Spray (1941)  United Kingdom 7,242 CAM ship; destination Halifax
Empire Steel (1941)  United Kingdom 8,138 Destination Port Arthur
Finnanger (1928)  Norway 39 9,551 In ballast Sunk by U-558 24 Feb
Glittre (1928)  Norway 6,409 Destination Aruba; survived to be sunk one year later in convoy ON 166
Gloucester City (1919)  United Kingdom 3,071 General cargo Destination Philadelphia
Hamlet (1934)  Norway 6,578 Joined from Iceland 19 Feb
Hektoria (1899)  United Kingdom 13,797 Destination New York City; survived to be sunk 7 months later in convoy ON 127
Idefjord (1921)  Norway 4,287 China clay Destination Saint John, New Brunswick
Inverarder (1919)  Norway 0 5,578 In ballast Sunk by U-558 24 Feb
Lancastrian Prince (1940)  United Kingdom 1,914 Destination New York City; survived this convoy and convoy HX 228
Manchester Exporter (1918)  United Kingdom 5,277 General cargo Carried convoy commodore RADM Sir O H Dawson KBE; destination Halifax
Mentor (1914)  United Kingdom 7,383 General cargo Destination Singapore
USS Mizar (1932)  United States Navy 6,982 Joined from Iceland 19 Feb
Nueva Andalucia (1940)  Norway 10,044 Destination Port Arthur
Orari (1931)  United Kingdom 10,350 China clay Destination Trinidad
USS Pleiades (1939)  United States Navy 3,600 Joined from Iceland 19 Feb; survived this convoy and convoy SC 107
Rapana (1935)  United Kingdom 8,017 Destination Curaçao
Sama (1937)  Norway 20 1,799 China clay Sunk by U-155 22 Feb
Skandinavia (1940)  Norway 10,044 Destination Aruba; survived this convoy and convoy ON 166
Strinda (1937)  Norway 10,973 Destination Key West
Stuart Prince (1940)  United Kingdom 1,911 General cargo Destination Halifax; survived this convoy and convoy HX 228
Thorhild (1935)  Norway 10,316 Destination Curaçao
Torr Head (1937)  United Kingdom 5,021 Destination Norfolk, Virginia
Toward (1923)  United Kingdom 1,571 convoy rescue ship
White Crest (1928)  United Kingdom 4,365 coal Straggled 18 Feb; sunk by U-558 24 February

See Also

Notes

  1. ↑ Hague (2000) p.157,
  2. ↑ Rohwer&Hummelchen (1992) p.114
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Abbazia (September 1975) p.50
  4. ↑ Murdaugh (January 1976) p.75
  5. ↑ Joslin (February 1976) p.80
  6. ↑ Abbazia (September 1975) p.50
  7. ↑ Hagerman (February 1976) p.80
  8. ↑ Murdaugh (January 1976) p.74
  9. ↑ Joslin (February 1976) pp.79-80
  10. ↑ Rohwer&Hummelchen (1992) p.125
  11. ↑ Abbazia (September 1975) p.51
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Abbazia (September 1975) p.51
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Hague (2000) p.161
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Abbazia (September 1975) p.53
  15. ↑ Abbazia (September 1975) p.54
  16. ↑ Murdaugh (January 1976) p.74
  17. ↑ Blair (1996) p.510
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Blair (1996) p.511
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Abbazia (September 1975) p.57
  20. ↑ Abbazia (September 1975) pp.54-55
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Abbazia (September 1975) p.55
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Abbazia (September 1975) p.56
  23. ↑ Hague (2000) p.157
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 "ON convoys". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 2011-05-26. 

References

  • Abbazia, Patrick (September 1975). When the Good Shepherds Were Blind. United States Naval Institute Proceedings. 
  • Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-Boat War The Hunters 1939-1942. Random House. ISBN 0-394-58839-8. 
  • Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-019-3. 
  • Hagerman, George M., CAPT USN (February 1976). Comment and Discussion. United States Naval Institute Proceedings. 
  • Joslin, H.B., CAPT USNR (February 1976). Comment and Discussion. United States Naval Institute Proceedings. 
  • Murdaugh, Albert C., RADM USN (January 1976). Comment and Discussion. United States Naval Institute Proceedings. 
  • Rohwer, J. and Hummelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-105-X. 
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