Congolese American

Congolese Americans are Americans of descent from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Republic of the Congo.

In the 2000 US census, 3,886 people hailed be of Congolese descend. Others 1,602 specified that descended of people from "Zaire" and less of 300 people indicated that hailed from the Republic of Congo.^[1] Rose Mapendo who suffered from the war has helped 2,000 refugees to emigrate into the United States through the organization Mapendo International.^[4] So, other thousands of refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo came to the United States.^[5] In 2013, it was estimated that more than 10,000 Congolese refugees of DRC living in this USA.^[6]

History

Like other African groups in the United States, the first Congolese arrivals to the United States arrived as slaves in the country in the colonial period. Coming from the current DRC, Congolese were imported to places such as Louisiana.^[7] They were bought in Cabinda. Congolese voluntary migration to the U.S. began in the 1960s for educational reasons. Thus, the Congolese who came to the U.S. to study and got serve their "designations of origin". However, emigration from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United States increased in the 1970s after discovering that the dictator of this country, Mobutu Sese Seko, had decided to choose the United States, among other countries, as a place of refuge.^[8] However, in the 80's the first large wave of Congolese immigrants came to the United States for educational purposes. Although initially most of them had decided to return home when they finished studying in this country, many of them were forced to stay in the U.S. because of the worsening political and economic conditions in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The conflict increased in the 1990s, prompting a new wave of Congolese migrants in the United States as war refugees. Most Congolese who emigrated had to leave their homes due to war, leaving their families behind. Only a few families could migrate together. New immigrants belonged to different groups that the of the Tutsi (also known as Banyarwanda).^[9]

Studies

According U.S. Census Bureau and the Department of State, the Congolese living in the U.S. have succeeded in education. Statistical reports show that Congolese American are the best group of academic performance among immigrants in Francophone Africa in the United States. Most of the immigrants and their children have completed at least a bachelor's degree in American universities. The Congolese are very competitive and most are graduates in four years at the undergraduate level. The achievement is enormous considering the fact that English is taught in the Congo as a foreign language in high school. Despite its academic excellence at colleges or universities in the U.S., Congolese immigrant Americans have difficulty penetrating into society. But there many Congolese doctors or university professors teaching in some of the well known universities in the United States.^[8]

Demography

The Congolese speak English, French, and any of the several Bantu languages. So, the Congolese community from the DRC speak, in addition of English and French, languages such as Lingala, Swahili, kikongo and Tshiluba.^[3] However, recent immigrants can speak less English than the earlier Congolese migrants. Because of this, it has been more difficult for recent immigrants to adapt to life in the United States; the earlier immigrants were better-educated. In addition, professional expertise and education that they received in the Congo are often not recognized by United States employers. Therefore, many educated Congolese have been forced to work in unskilled and low-paying jobs like dishwashing and taxi cab driving. Most Congolese are Christians.

The largest Congolese communities in the U.S. are Boston, New York City, and the Washington, D.C.–Baltimore area^{[citation needed]}. There is also a significant population of Congolese Americans in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas, in the of state North Carolina,^{[citation needed]} in North Texas (where live 3,500 people from DRC, maily in Arlington, Bedford, Dallas, Euless, Grand Prairie, Hurst and Irving)^[3] and in Iowa, where the Congolese community of DRC this growing due to sending refugees (although quantitatively reduced in the last years).^[10]

Since 2001, many Congolese refugees of the DRC have been resettled in the United States. So, in 2013, it was estimated that more than 10,000 Congolese refugees of DRC living in this country,^[6] more than 3,000 of which arrived to United States in 2010.^[5] USA hopes to resettle other tens of thousands of Congolese more from the same country in the next 5 years.^[6]

Organizations

As did other ethnic groups in the United States, the Congolese have also tried to create a single Congolese community. Despite its religious and ethnic diversity have assisted each other and fostered a unique identity for your community. A Congolese organization created for this purpose was the Congolese Association, established in the 1990s. This created in 1994 a constitution drafted and sponsored social events and meetings until the end of the decade, when it had institutional difficulties, becoming in inactive. In 2001, the Congolese leaders formed the Community Church of New Chicago in Evanston to create a spiritual union between the Congolese different religious backgrounds. In addition, the Congolese gather annually for holidays like New Year's Day and Independence Day of the Democratic Republic of Congo (June 30), celebrating with Congolese traditional food, music and dancing.^[9]

The Congolese Community of Chicago have as primary goal facilitate the integration of people of Congolese descent in the fabric of the United States while establish programs for give to know the Congolese culture.^[11]

Others Congolese organization in United States are Congolese Community of North Carolina-Raleigh (cocomnc), whose goal is seek and establish programs that favor the development of Congolese children and his families living in the triangle area (Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill.) in the social, educational, cultural and entrepreneurial areas,^[12] Congolese Community of Houston,^[13] the charitable organization Congolese Community of Northern California ^[14] and Congolese Women Association of New England, which aims to provide services to Congolese women of New England, including immigration counseling, job training, ESL classes and cultural practice workshops.^[15]

References

External links

• Congolese Americans: Finding a Home in New England.