Confrerie Pictura

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The Boterwaag on the Prinsegracht in Den Haag. The leftmost side was the original building from 1650 with the swan above the door. The painters moved in when the butter weighing moved to the larger right side extension.
Koorenhuis on Prinsegracht 27, built in 1662-1663, now an arts center, only the facade and hall remain of the original building.
View of the Prinsessegracht in The Hague, where the Confrerie Pictura was situated. The landscape is painted by Joris van der Haagen, and the figures were painted by Ludolf Leendertsz de Jongh.

The Confrerie Pictura was a more or less academic club of artists founded in 1656 in The Hague, (The Netherlands) by local art painters, who were unsatisfied by the Guild of Saint Luke there.

History

The guild of St. Luke in the Hague existed already in the 15th century and like most large Dutch cities, it catered not just to painters, but were united also with glaziers, engravers, sculptors, goldsmiths, printers and book sellers. In those days guilds were represented in churches with their own altars, and in the case of the painters' guild, they were sponsored by the church, and sometimes even ensured an income for church fathers through donations to the St. Luke's altar. After the Protestant Reformation, this all changed, and the churches were no longer a part of guild life. With the altarpieces gone that had traditionally been the public signboard for the artists, a new venue was necessary for sales. In addition, with the influx of talented painters from the Southern Netherlands cities such as Antwerp, the guild fathers felt that more protective measures were necessary. When securing a new protective charter for the St. Luke's guild failed to have the desired effect, the Confrerie Pictura was set up by 48 dissatisfied painters.[1] They were led by the first deacon and popular Hague portrait painter Adriaen Hanneman.[2]

Among the founders were Willem Doudijns (1630–1697), Jacob van der Does (1623–1673), Jan de Bisschop (1628–1671), Theodor van der Schuer, Dirck van der Lisse, Daniel Mijtens the Younger, Johannes Mytens, Willem van Diest, Adriaen van de Venne, Robbert Duval, Joris van der Haagen and Augustinus Terwesten.

Charter of 1656

The goal of the Confrerie Pictura was to protect the Hague painters and to reinforce ties between its members. Everyone working as a painter in The Hague was obliged to be a member of the Confrerie. Guilds installed strict rules to restrict what was seen as unfair trading, but also obliged its members to attend the funerals of its members for instance. The Confrerie had a set of 28 rules. One important rule was that its members were obliged to exhibit their works permanently at their meeting room. As soon as a work had been sold it had to be replaced by a new one. The Confrerie started meeting upstairs at the Boterwaag building, where butter was traded at the Prinsegracht. They paid rent by donating a painting to the city council. The Confrerie was gouverned by a deacon (deken), three governors (hoofdmannen) and a secretary, who were chosen every two years by the Magistrate of The Hague.

Haagsche Teekenacademie

Engraving by Simon Fokke after Aart Schouman of a drawing lesson from live model at the "Teken-Akademi der Haagsche Kunstschilders", first published in 1750 in Johan van Gool's "Nieuwe Schouburg

Later, in the 1680s the Confrerie received a somewhat better place at the Koorenhuis, the building where wheat was traded, also on the Prinsegracht. They had four separate rooms at the upper floor of this building, one of which was occupied by the Haagsche Teekenacademie (the drawing academy of The Hague), founded in 1682 by five members of the Confrerie, which later moved to the Princessegracht 4, current location of the Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten (Royal Arts Academy). The founding five members of this group were Doudijns, Mytens, Terwesten, Duval and Van der Schuer.[3]

Legacy

Paying dues to a second Confrerie in addition to the guild of St. Luke proved too expensive for most painters, however protective it was, and the confrerie later was dissolved in 1682, in favor of a proper school called Royal Academy of Art (The Hague), which still exists today.[4] The original building is undergoing a restoration and expansion, but still exists (though damaged in the second world war) on the Prinsessegracht 4 in the Hague. Many original works of the founders and early members can be seen in the buildings decorations.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Confrerie Pictura in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by Arnold Houbraken, courtesy of the Digital library for Dutch literature
  2. ↑ Dutch article on the history of the arts in the Hague
  3. ↑ Robbert Duval in the RKD
  4. ↑ Article about the Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten Den Haag
  • Haagse Schilders in de Gouden Eeuw, Uitgeverij Waanders, Zwolle, 1998, ISBN 90-400-9295-8
  • Honderd jaar Haagse schilderkunst in Pulchri Studio, Dr. H.E van Gelder, Uitg. G.W. Breughel, Amsterdam 1947.
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