Confluence of sinuses

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Vein: Confluence of sinuses

Dural veins. (Labeled with "confluens sinuum")

Sagittal section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura. (Labeled with "torcula herophili".)
Latin	confluens sinuum, torcula herophili
Gray's	p.658
Source	superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus
Drains to	transverse sinuses
MeSH	Cranial+Sinuses

The confluence of sinuses, torcular herophili, or torcula is the connecting point of the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus. It is found deep to the occipital protuberance of the skull. Blood arriving at this point then proceeds to drain into the left and right transverse sinuses. The superior sagittal sinus often drains into (either exclusively or predominantly) one transverse sinus, and the straight sinus drains into the other.

Confluence of sinuses

An older term often used for the confluence of sinuses "torcular herophili", describes the veins as a gutter, or canal, and honors Herophilos, the Greek anatomist who was the first to use cadavers for the systematic study of anatomy. This term more precisely refers to the concavity in the bone which is the location of the confluence of sinuses.^[1]

External links

References

↑ Tubbs, R.S. Neuroanatomy, 2002:1, 14

Veins (emissary, jugular and others) of head and neck (drainage patterns can vary) (TA A12.3.04–06, GA 7.644)

External jugular

Retromandibular	maxillary (pterygoid plexus) · superficial temporal (anterior auricular)

Direct	posterior auricular transverse cervical · suprascapular · anterior jugular (jugular venous arch)

Internal jugular

Diploic/brain

Cerebral

Superficial cerebral veins: superior · superficial middle · inferior · inferior anastomotic (Labbé) · superior anastomotic (Trolard)

Deep cerebral veins: great · internal (basal, deep middle, superior thalamostriate)

Cerebellar

superior · inferior

Sinuses

To COS	superior sagittal · straight (inferior sagittal) · occipital

To CS	sphenoparietal · intercavernous superior ophthalmic (ethmoidal, central retinal, nasofrontal, vorticose veins) · inferior ophthalmic

To IJV	sigmoid: transverse (petrosquamous) · superior petrosal inferior petrosal (basilar plexus, internal auditory veins) · condylar

Facial/common facial

frontal · supraorbital · angular · superior labial · inferior labial · deep facial

Direct

lingual (dorsal lingual, deep lingual, sublingual) · pharyngeal · superior thyroid (superior laryngeal) · middle thyroid

Brachiocephalic

Vertebral	occipital (occipital emissary) · suboccipital venous plexus deep cervical

Direct	inferior thyroid (inferior laryngeal) · thymic

M: VAS

anat (a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot

noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)

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