Conan chronologies

Conan chronologies have been prepared by a variety of people from the 1930s onward to provide a timeline into which to fit the numerous Conan the Barbarian stories by Robert E. Howard and later writers. This article covers the major schemes that have been advanced over the years.

Several factors impact the differences in chronologies. First, the earliest (Miller/Clark) chronology overlooked some internal evidence in the stories then known that might otherwise have influenced its story placement. Second, internal evidence in subsequently discovered stories contrary to its scheme was ignored, with these tales either simply incorporated into the existing scheme or (in at least one instance) rewritten to fit it. Third, while most later stories by other hands were written in accord with the Miller/Clark chronology (and incorporated into revised versions), a few disregarded it, some (such as the movie adaptations) even contradicting material in the original Howard stories. These factors are discussed in the sections on the various major chronologies that follow.

Miller/Clark/de Camp chronology

A Probable Outline of Conan's Career (1936), completed during Howard's lifetime by P. Schuyler Miller and John D. Clark. Howard, who reviewed it in draft and made a few corrections, stated it followed his vision of Conan's career "pretty closely."^[1] The version subsequently published in the Howard fanzine The Hyborian Age (1938) incorporated Howard's corrections. The chronology was revised over the years by Miller, Clark and L. Sprague de Camp to take into account additional Conan material, including previously unpublished stories by Howard and newly written stories by others. These revised versions of the chronology guided the order in which the stories were arranged when they were compiled into book form in the early series published by Gnome Press (1950–1957), Lancer/Ace (1966–1977), and Bantam (1978–1982), and text from the chronology was used in these series to bridge gaps between the stories. Notable among the subsequent versions was An Informal Biography of Conan the Cimmerian (1952), a revision by Clark and de Camp used to bridge stories in the first hardcover edition of the Conan stories, published by Gnome Press. De Camp's final version of the chronology, Conan the Indestructible (1984), incorporated the first seven volumes of the series of Conan pastiches published by Tor Books.^[2]

While the chronology has Howard's general approval in regard to its placement of the stories covered by its earliest published version, such authority is lacking for later versions' placement of stories discovered after Howard's death. Most post-Howard Conan stories were written to conform to it. The chronology has been criticized for missing some in-story chronological indications pointing to a slightly different arrangement (such as "Xuthal of the Dusk" preceding "The Devil in Iron"),^[3][4] for force-fitting posthumously discovered Howard tales into its scheme (e.g. "The Black Stranger," in which Howard has Conan turn pirate between his stints as general and king in Aquilonia, rewritten by de Camp to omit the piratical interlude),^[4] and for having Conan wander "all over the Hyborian world in a scattered and illogical pattern, and at a break-neck pace."^[3]

Order (earliest and latest forms)

All stories added after the earliest version are indented."

Robert Jordan chronology

A Conan Chronology by Robert Jordan (1987) was the attempt of Conan writer Robert Jordan to create a new Chronology including all Conan material written up to that point, including fifteen of the first sixteen volumes of the series of Conan pastiches published by Tor Books (omitting the eighth, Conan the Valorous). It was first published in Conan the Defiant, by Steve Perry (Tor Books, 1987). It was heavily influenced by the Miller/Clark/de Camp chronology, though deviating from it in some respects, and covers more of the Tor series. Jordan seldom provided his reasoning on his departures from the earlier chronology.^[5]

Order

William Galen Gray chronology

Timeline of Conan's Journeys (1997, rev. 2004), was fan William Galen Gray's attempt to create "a chronology of all the stories, both Howard and pastiche." It is based on a close reading of all the stories and drawing on the earlier Miller/Clark/de Camp and Jordan chronologies. Where the earlier chronologies differ Gray sometimes adopts one's placement, sometimes the other, and occasionally departs from both, in each case explaining his reasons for the placement. The Gray chronology incorporated all then-published Conan stories, including all the Tor volumes, but treated inconsistently for pastiches whose portrayals of Conan's early life contradict Howard's account of it. Three of these, the movie adaptations Conan the Barbarian and Conan the Destroyer and the John M. Roberts novel Conan the Bold, Gray rejected as apocryphal "Legends." The fourth, Harry Turtledove's Conan of Venarium, he accepted.<ref name=""Gray>Gray, William Galen. "The Conan Timeline."</ref>

Order

Apocryphal:

• Conan the Barbarian
• Conan the Bold
• Conan the Destroyer

Joe Marek chronology

Joe Marek's chronology is limited to stories written (or devised) by Howard, though within that context it is essentially a revision of the Miller/Clark/de Camp tradition. Noting the Miller/Clark/de Camp chronology's general approval by Howard, he tends to follow it when it does not contradict the internal evidence of the stories or force Conan into what he perceives as a "mad dash" around the Hyborian world within timeframes too rapid to be credible. Marek considers four changes from this chronology as central to his own:

1. that "The Frost-Giant's Daughter" is the first Conan tale.
2. that the four thief stories ("The Tower of the Elephant", "The Hall of the Dead", "The God in the Bowl" and "Rogues in the House") occur in a direct east to west sequence.
3. that "Xuthal Of The Dusk" has to occur before "The Devil In Iron", as the events of the former is referenced by Conan in the later.
4. that "The Vale Of Lost Women" occurs later in the series than previously assumed.

Marek provides arguments for his story placements, though he fails to incorporate into his scheme the chronologically wide gap between "Beyond the Black River" and "Wolves Beyond the Border" he admits to be indicated by Howard's version of "The Black Stranger" as he believed doing anything more to filling the hole would require a major reordering of the stories that would take attention away from his four primary changes. Additionally Marek divided his timeline into five parts that would constitute to abut 250 paperback pages each.^[3]

Order

Dale Rippke chronology

Dale Rippke established The Darkstorm Conan Chronology (2003), a completely revised chronology, including only those stories written (or devised) by Howard. Completions of Howard works by other hands and post-Howard works are not included. Rippke bases his story placements on the texts as Howard wrote them, which lead him to some of the same conclusions as Marek. Most of his differences with Marek fall in the middle of their respetive efforts. The Dark Horse comic series mostly follows this chronology.^[4]

Order

Compared order

Notes

References

• "A Probable Outline of Conan's Career," by P. Schuyler Miller and John D. Clark - a transcription of the original 1938 version
• "Conan the Indestructible," by L. Sprague de Camp - the final 1984 version
• "Conan the Indestructible," by L. Sprague de Camp - another transcription of the final 1984 version
• "The Conan Stories in Chronological Order as of 1989," by Curtis M. Scott (based on Robert Jordan's "A Conan Chronology"), from the GURPS Conan sourcebook, Steve Jackson Games, pp. 111–114
• "The Conan Timeline," by William Galen Gray - a transcription of the 1997 version
• "The Conan Timeline," by William Galen Gray - a transcription of the 2000 version
• "Robert E. Howard - Conan," by Joe Marek - a general discussion of the character. Marek's chronology is set forth in the section "Some Comments On Chronologies In Regards To The Conan Series"
• "The Dark Storm Conan Chronology," by Dale Rippke - a transcription of Rippke's chronology
• The Chronicles Of Conan The Cimmerian," by Amra_the_Lion - Determining the chronological order of Howard's Conan Tales