Componium
The componium was a mechanical musical instrument constructed in 1821 by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel (Lippstatt, Germany, 1773 - Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1826) that composed novel music. It was an automatic organ consisting of two barrels that revolve simultaneously. The barrels take turns performing two measures of randomly chosen music while the other, silent, slides horizontally to select the next variation. A roulette-like flywheel chooses whether or not the next variation is selected. The instrument plays an 80 measure piece, with eight variations for every two measures.
The componium's compositional power is thus limited to new combinations of the music provided in its barrels.
This instrument is believed to have copied some features of Johann Nepomuk Mälzels panharmonicon, but added the aleatoric composition feature.
The componium, in a rather bad shape now, is in the collection of the Brussels Museum of Instruments.
Further reading
- Ord-Hume, W. J. G. (1978). Barrel Organ. George Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0-04-789005-3. Has some pictures of the componium.
- Chapuis, Alfred (1955). The History of the Musical Box and of Mechanical Music. Music Box Society, Intl. ISBN 0915000016. Has a detailed chapter on the Componium by Rene Lyr.
