Cloyne

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For other uses, see Cloyne (disambiguation).
Cloyne
Cluain
Town
The Cloyne Round Tower during 2007.
Cloyne
Location in Ireland
Coordinates: 51°51′47″N 08°07′15″W / 51.86306°N 8.12083°W / 51.86306; -8.12083Coordinates: 51°51′47″N 08°07′15″W / 51.86306°N 8.12083°W / 51.86306; -8.12083
Country Ireland
Province Munster
County County Cork
Population
 • Total 1,562 [1]
Time zone WET (UTC+0)
 • Summer (DST) IST (WEST) (UTC-1)

Cloyne (Irish: Cluain)[2] is a small town to the southeast of Midleton in eastern County Cork, Ireland. It is also a see city of the Anglican (Church of Ireland) Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, while also giving its name to a Roman Catholic diocese. St Coleman's Cathedral in Cloyne is a cathedral church of the Church of Ireland while the Pro Cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne, Cobh Cathedral of Saint Colman, overlooks Cork harbour.

History

Cloyne as painted by Sir Edward Fanshawe in 1856.

The first evidence of settlement in Cloyne is a 4000 year old portal dolmen that lies to the West of the town. The bishopric of Cloyne was founded by St. Colman Mac LÃcnÃcni, (530-606 A.D) as his principal monastery in the sixth century.[8] The Danes plundered Cloyne in 822, 824 and 885. The only major action of the Irish War of Independence in Cloyne was on the 4th of May 1920 when local volunteers of the Fourth Battalion attacked the courthouse that also acted as the local RIC barracks. The volunteers at first failed to gain entry but succeed in setting fire to the courthouse which resulted in the entire surrender of the garrison. The prisoners had their hands tied before being ordered to march the road to Midleton while the flying column made their escape.[9] Small-scale rioting broke out in Cloyne on the 26th of October 2013 after hundreds of youths arrived in the town due to an invitation for a house party going viral on social network sites.[10] Local property was damaged and responding Gardaí were attacked with stones by the estimated crowd of 200 youths.[11][12]

Climate and Geography

Cloyne Cathedral

Cloyne is situated roughly 7.6 kilometres from the major town of Midleton.[13] The village is located at the bottom of a large valley and is surrounded by large hills to the North and south as well as the Celtic Sea to the East and Cork Harbour to the West.

Being only 2 miles (3.2 km) from Cork harbour and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from the open ocean, Cloyne has a mild climate with few extremes of temperature. The highest recorded temperature was 31.1 degrees Celsius (88.0 °F), on 3 August 1995 and the lowest was -7.1 degrees Celsius (19.2 °F), recorded on 2 January 1979 and also on 13 January 1987.

The climate of Cloyne is mild all year round, with an average of only six days of frost each year. Snow is almost unknown, especially in recent years, although a fall of 4 cm did occur on January 10, 2010, the first significant snow since March 1993. A severe cold spell in December 2010 produced some further light snowfalls but this period was much more notable for the persistence and severity of frost, with the record for the lowest temperature on record being threatened at times, but never actually broken; the absolute minimum being -6.6 degrees Celsius on Christmas morning. 2010 was also the frostiest year on record, with 62 days recording an air frost, over 10 times the average.

Rainfall averages around 1027 mm (40.5 in) per annum, with the wettest weather usually occurring between October and January. The driest year ever recorded was in 1975 when 583.7 mm fell, while the wettest was in 2009 with 1433.4 mm. In common with the rest of Ireland, rainfall in Cloyne has increased over the past 10 years or so, with the sharpest rises in average being in the summer months. Winter rainfall has actually decreased slightly in the same period.

Notable people

  • The philosopher George Berkeley was appointed the Church of Ireland Bishop of Cloyne in 1734, where he remained until his retirement in 1752. His monument is prominent in the north transept of the cathedral. The year after arriving in Cloyne he wrote The Querist, the first of three volumes containing questions on the social and economic problems of Ireland. Further pamphlets on Ireland followed, with appeals for religious toleration. He was known in the town as a dedicated pastor as well as a scholar, who personally ministered to the sick and destitute of the parish.[14]
  • Cloyne was the birthplace of the great Texas architect, Nicholas Joseph Clayton. Clayton and his widowed mother moved to the United States in the 1840s and eventually to Galveston, Texas. He quickly gained prominence in Galveston and Texas in the 1870s into the 1910s as a talented builder. The historic district of Galveston features many of Clayton's buildings which have survived the ravages of storms and fires through the years.
  • Cloyne is also notable as the native-place of the great Cork hurler, Christy Ring. Ring was born and grew up in Cloyne where he learned to hurl before joining Glen Rovers in Cork city. But he is buried in Cloyne where he is commemorated by a statue.

Places of interest

Cloyne has a round tower which is the town's symbol. The tower dates back to before 600 AD when St. Colman founded his monastery. In 1749 a lightning strike caused some damage to the top of the tower.[19] There is also ruins of a Norman watchtower on a hill overlooking the town.[20]

Economy

The land around Cloyne is extremely rich and fertile, being mainly of limestone base. This makes it very suitable for agriculture, with many acres of wheat and barley harvested each year. The underlying limestone rock also gives rise to a spectacular network of caves under and to the south of the town. The cave, which is the biggest in Cork, are estimated to be up to 7 km long. A large section of the main street collapsed into the caves during the 20th century. Cloyne Cave is accessible from the grounds of Cloyne House on Rock Street. (Permission must be sought from the owner as these are private grounds).[21] The town boasts a number of pubs and small shop's in the centre of town while there is also a Thai and traditional Irish restaurant in the town.[22][23]

Education

The local primary school is St. Colman's National School.[24]

Sport

  • Cloyne GAA is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club. They play in the traditional kit of red and black stripes. The club has two grounds known locally as the "old" and "new" pitches.[25]
  • Churchvilla FC is the local soccer club. The club was formed in 1968 and has since gone on to have a very strong Juvenile section with over 150 players in both juvenile and senior teams.[26]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "AREA PROFILE FOR TOWN CLOYNE CO. CORK". cso.ie. Retrieved 21 June 2013. 
  2. ↑ Cloyne Placenames Database of Ireland. Retrieved: 2012-10-03.
  3. ↑ Census for post 1821 figures.
  4. ↑ http://www.histpop.org
  5. ↑ http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census
  6. ↑ Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. 
  7. ↑ Mokyr, Joel; O Grada, Cormac (November 1984). "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700-1850". The Economic History Review 37 (4): 473–488. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x 
  8. ↑ "Historical Cloyne". Cloyne.ie. Retrieved 1 Dec 2013. 
  9. ↑ "Courthouse". cloyne.ie. Retrieved 20 June 2013. 
  10. ↑ "Web invite sees village overrun by drunk teens". irishexaminer.com. Retrieved 28 Oct 2013. 
  11. ↑ "Chaos as over 200 teens gather for Facebook party in small village". irishmirror.ie. Retrieved 28 Oct 2013. 
  12. ↑ "Hundreds of drunken teens descend on Cork village in 'Project X'-style 'smash and run riot'". independent.ie. Retrieved 28 Oct 2013. 
  13. ↑ https://maps.google.ie/maps?ie=UTF-8&gl=ie&daddr=Cloyne,+Co.+Cork&saddr=Midleton,+Co.+Cork&panel=1&f=d&fb=1&dirflg=d&geocode=KeFh9V8uY0NIMXCfMZepxwAK%3BKd9LsapkfENIMaDyMZepxwAK
  14. ↑ Boylan, Henry (1998). A Dictionary of Irish Biography, 3rd Edition. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. p. 25. ISBN 0-7171-2945-4. 
  15. ↑ Staff. "Cynthia Longfield". The New Naturalists Online. Retrieved 2012-10-19. 
  16. ↑ Ogilvie, Marilyn; editors, Joy Harvey (2000). The biographical dictionary of women in science : pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century. New York: Routledge. p. 801. ISBN 041592040X. 
  17. ↑ http://www.gaacork.ie/playerProfile/795/donal_og_cusack
  18. ↑ http://www.gaacork.ie/playerProfile/825/paudie_o'sullivan
  19. ↑ "Cloyne Round Tower Co. Cork". roundtowers.org. Retrieved 21 June 2013. 
  20. ↑ "Castle Hill, Cloyne". gatecottages.wordpress.com. Retrieved 24 Nov 2013. 
  21. ↑ http://www.touristlink.com/ireland/cloyne-cave/overview.html
  22. ↑ http://www.hartysrestaurantcloyne.com/carvery%20menu/index.html
  23. ↑ http://www.yelp.ie/search?cflt=pubs&find_loc=Cloyne%2C+Co.+Cork
  24. ↑ "St. Colman's National School". cloynens.com. Retrieved 20 June 2013. 
  25. ↑ "Cloyne GAA". cloynegaa.ie. Retrieved 20 June 2013. 
  26. ↑ "Welcome to Churhvilla F.C". churchvillafc.ie. Retrieved 20 June 2013. 

External links

http://www.cloynens.com/ http://cloyne.ie/?page_id=23 http://cloyne.ie/?page_id=725

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